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2011届中考英语专题复习十:主谓一致考点讲解和训练【考点直击】1. 语法一致的原则2. 意义一致的原则3. 邻近一致的原则【名师点睛】谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1. 语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.(2)由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Both he and I are right.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come. (3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy. (6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如: Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. (7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Where are my shoes? I cant find them. Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them. 如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如: Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed.2. 意义一致的原则(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.(2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:My family is big one.My family are watching TV.(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone. (4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如: Who is your brother? Who are League members? (5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如: It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如: I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick. (7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: What she said is correct. What she left me are a few old books. (8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person.3. 邻近一致的原则(1)由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.(2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. (3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。 (4)以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you.【实例解析】 1.How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 答案:B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语动词用单数形式。 2.Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 答案:D。该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not onlybut also连接两个并列主语,其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致,谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来,所以用has gone而不用has been。 3.Neither my father _ going to see the patient. A. nor I am B. nor I are C. or me are D. or me is 答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。Neithernor是一组连词,可连接连个并列主语,其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。 4.Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers 答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)【中考演练】一. 选择填空1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were2. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? -I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also3. _ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B4. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each5. Are there any _ on the farm? A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep6. My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue.A. are; are
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