独立主格独立主格结构的构成：1，名词（代词）+现在分词/过去分词；2，名词（代词）+形容词；3，名词（代词）+副词；4，名词（代词）+不定式；5，名词（代词） +介词短语构成。独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的过去分词，是被动关系。3）名词或代词与现在分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主动关系。 4）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。例如：1,The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。 2,The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 3,Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.天气允许，我们明天去看你。 4,This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。 5,The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 6,He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的。 7,He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆with的复合结构作独立主格表示伴随情况时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构：with +名词（代词）+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。例如： 1, He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raise.他举手着站在那儿。 典型例题 2,The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied 答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.注意:1） 独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如：A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.（hand前不能加his）劫匪冲进房间，手里拿着刀。2） 当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词常用过去分词，不及物动词常用现在分词。例如：He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.他躺在那儿，牙紧咬，双手握拳，两眼直勾勾看着上面。典型例题： Weather_, well go out for a walk. A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。 如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。1、逻辑主语+V-ing1._no bus, we had to walk home.A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was2._no bus, we had to walk home.A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was3._Sunday, the library doesnt open.A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been4._Sunday, the library doesnt open.A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is答案：1，A 2，b 3,c 4,d2、逻辑主语+V-ed1._, the train started. A.The signal given B. Giving the signalC.The signal being given D.The signal giving2._, the train started.A. After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given3._, the text became easier for us to learn.A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words4._, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explained B.Explaining new wordsC.New words explaining D.Being explained new words答案：1，c 2,d 3,b 4,a3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）1._, the patient can leave the hospital.A. Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are betterD.Being better conditions2._, the patient can leave the hospital.A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions3._, wed like to go outing.A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK4._, wed like to go outing.A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C5._, you can wait a while.A.The play being still on B.The play still onC Being still on the play D. A and B6._, so you can wait a whileA.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is still onD.The play still on答案：1，d 2,b 3,d 4,d 5,d 6,a4、逻辑主语+介词短语1.The boy followed the nobleman here, _.A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand B.Being a sword in hand D.sword in hand2.The boy followed the nobleman here _.A. with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in handB. C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand3.He left the office, _.A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyesD.with tears being in eyes答案：1，d 2,a 3,b二、独立主格结构训练题 （ A ）1._ no bus, we had to walk home.A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B2._Sunday, the library doesnt open.A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B3._, I had to ask for two days leave.A.Mother being ill B.mother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C4._, we have to work late into the night.A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As th