1 非谓语动词之 动词不定式 详解 非谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词 分两种 一是动词不定式 二是动词ing 形式 一 动词不定式 1 作主语 To learn English well is not easy 或It is not easy to learn English well 说明 动词不定式作主语时 往往用it 作形式主语 这种句型可归纳为下面的句型 e g It is adj 动词不定式 如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者 可以用for sb e g It is adj for sb to do sth 2 作表语 表语用来说明主语的身份 性质 品性 特征和状态的 表语常由名词 形容词 副词 介词短语 动词的 ing 形式 不定式 从句来充当 它常位于系动词 be become appear seem look sound feel get smell 等词 之后 e g My wish is to become a teacher 3 作宾语或者宾语补足语 e g Most of us like to watch football matches e g He told me to be here on time 4 作定语 e g I have nothing to say about that thing 5 作状语 e g He stopped to have a look 说明 动词不定式的否定形式 not to 动词原形构成 e g He asked me not to make such a mistake 2 动词不定式与疑问词连用 疑问词 who what which 和疑问副词when where how why 等后面可以按动词不定式 构成 动词不定式短语 e g 1 He doesn t know how to use the machine 2 How to use the machine is a question 3 The question is when to go there 3 省去了to 的动词不定式 1 let have make do 2 感官动词see watch look at notice hear listen to smell feel find to 注意 在被动语态中则to 不能省掉 e g I saw him dance He was seen to dance e g The boss made them work the whole night They were made to work the whole night 3 would rather had better do 4 动词不定式的特殊句型 1 too to to do e g He is too excited to speak 2 enough to do e g The child is old enough to go to school 3 Why not do e g Why not take a holiday 4 so as not to do 表示目的e g Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby 5 不定式的难点 1 用作介词的 to 比如说 look forward to pay attention to devote oneself tobe get used to 后面都是 doing 的 2 It s for sb 和 It s of sb 的区别 2 二 动词ing 形式 动词 ing 形式分为两种 一是动名词 二是现在分词 1 动词的 ing 形式用作动名词 动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式 由动词原形加 ing 构成 它在句中起名词的作用 可以在 句子中用作主语 表语 宾语 宾语补语 状语和定语 1 动名词作主语 e g Walking is good exercise 走路是很好的运动 2 动名词作表语e g My favorite sport is swimming 我最喜欢的运动是游泳 3 动名词作宾语 e g Jim dislikes eating chocolate 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力 e g She can t help crying at a sad movie 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭 说明 有些动词和动词短语只能接动名词 e g admit finish forgive give up mind practise be good at do well in can t help keep on feel like be used to look forward to prefer to 6 动名词作定语 动名词可以单独作定语 就像形容词一样 e g a smiling face 笑脸swimming pool 游泳池dining car 餐车 2 动词的 ing 形式用作现在分词 ing 分词通常用作宾语补足语 表示动作正在发生或者正在进行 这种用法通常用在下列动 词中 see hear find smell watch find listen to look at notice observe e g 1 There we found him watching TV 我们发现他在那儿看电视 2 I heard someone knocking at the door 我听见有人在敲门 3 动词 ing 形式和动名词之间的比较 下面这些动词 后面接不定式或动名词意思都是一样的 begin to do begin doing continue to do continue doing start to do start doing 下面这些动词 后面接不定式或动名词意思是不一样的 stop to do stop doing forget to do forget doing remember to do remember doing try to do try doing go on to do go on doing be afraid to do be afraid doing 专练 1 Don t forget the letter A to send B send C sending D being sent 2 The chair looks very old but in fact it is very comfortable to A sit B sit on C be sat D be sat on 3 Is necessary to return the book tomorrow A this B that C it D which 4 I m afraid they would not allow him here A to smoke B smoking C smokes D smoke 5 Mother told me the water before I drank it A boiling B boiled C boil D to boil 3 6 On my way home I stopped some food A buy B to buy C buying D bought 7 Li Yang advised me too much otherwise I would have been drunk A not to drink B to drink C not drinking D drinking 8 He two million yuan a vase at the auction A spent buy B cost buying C paid buy D spent buying 9 The first thing I want to do is A visit to him B to visit him C visiting him D visited him 10 John was made the car for a week as a punishment A to wash B washing C wash D to be washing 11 is one thing is quite another A To say to do B Say do C Said did D To say do 12 I ll try the same mistakes again A to not make B not make C not to make D not making 13 It s too hard it by himself A not to do B to do C that I do D doing 14 It s time for sports Let s bowling shall we A go B to go C going D goes 15 Mr Zhou you d better too much sugar You are already overweight said the doctor A not to eat B to eat C not eat D eat 1 If you keep fight with him you may hurt yourself 2 The students are busy prepare for the coming exam 3 His duty is save the sick people 4 I have nothing send you 5 They were made work ten hours a day 6 No one knows what do next 提高题 I 选择题 1 The doctor came our eyes A to examine B for examining C as to examine D examining 2 Our teacher always makes us hard A to work B work C working D worked 3 our classroom once a week is necessary A Cleaning B Clean Cleaned D To clean 4 is our duty good service to customers A That to give B This giving C It to give D It giving 5 It took years the highrise A for our building B for us in building C to build D building 6 Their wish is a house of their own A to have B for having C have D of having 7 The teacher agreed us the test papers home A to let take B to let to take C letting take D let take 4 8 When he saw I was in a hurry he offered me his bicycle A lending B lent C to lend D in lending 9 I don t like people about their neighbours A hear talking B to hear talking C to hear to talk D hearing talked 10 I haven t decided A to take which t