资源预览内容
第1页 / 共6页
第2页 / 共6页
第3页 / 共6页
亲,该文档总共6页,到这儿已超出免费预览范围,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述
2013届高考英语二轮专题复习精品之必备词汇辨析(十二)1、excuse, forgive, pardon这三个词都表示“原谅,宽恕”。excuse:“原谅”,指有意放过人们在社会,习俗方面的具体行为。如错误,疏忽或失职,不予以指责和惩罚。常用词组:excuse for原谅;excuse from/to do免除。如:Please excuse me for using your telephone without asking permission. I thought you wouldnt mind.请原谅,我没有得到你的允许就用了你的电话,我想你不会介意吧!The meeting lasted so long that Mr. Laurence had to excuse himself to keep an appointment.会开了好久,因此劳伦斯为了赶另一个约会,不得不请求先行离去。forgive:“饶恕,宽恕,赦免”,感情色彩较浓,表示不但放弃一切报复要求,而且打消一切复仇的心理,不再愤恨,强调主观和内心的宽恕。She was so kind as to forgive her intimate friend who had betrayed her when she was in a great difficulty.她如此善良,竟能原谅在她处境最艰难时背叛她的挚友。He forgave injuries so readily that he might be said to invite them.他如此爽快地宽恕了那些伤害,简直可以说,他是在招惹伤害。pardon:“原谅,宽恕”,正式用语,指放弃处罚要求,予以赦免,尤其指由上级按法律正式赦免过失或过错。作原谅讲时,同excuse。It became necessary to fly our lives, but we couldnt expect to be pardoned.我们有必要逃命,但我们不能指望得到宽恕。Please pardon my asking, but isnt my text book on your desk?对不起,请问,我的课本是在你的桌子上吗?2、easy, easilyeasy作副词用时,不能与easily混淆。easy作副词用时主要用于口语和习语中,常与单音节的简单动词连用。它有“轻易地,安适地,慢慢地,小心地”等含义。如:We often talk about reducing our costs, but it is easier said than done.我们经常谈论降低成本,但说来容易做来难。Take it easy!别紧张!Easy come, easy go.来得容易去得快。Go easy here!走慢一点!easily是在表示“容易地,舒适地”等意义的easy的基础上通过加后缀构成的副词。在表示“不费力地,毫无困难地”等意义时,相当于with ease。它还有“舒适地,流畅地,顺利地,很可能”等意义。如:He won the match easily.他轻而易举地赢得了比赛。The machine is running easily.机器运转得很好。He may easily be late today.今天他很可能迟到。3、each, every这两者都表示“每个”,有时可互换,有时却不能。1). each可作形容词及代词,而every只能作形容词,但它可与-one,-body,-thing等构成合成代词。each 用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接,如each of them, each of the boys; 而every则不能直接跟of 连接,如不可说every of them,而要说every one of them或each of them。2). each通常用指两个人或物,而every则指三个或三个以上的人或物,不能指两者。如each end of the bridge和each side of the road中的each均不能用every代替。3). each指一个整体中的每一个,强调个体;而every着重于全体的总和,强调整体。试比较: Each has a different book. (强调各有不同。) Here every child at the age of six can go to school. (侧重整体,无一例外。)4)every另可表示“每隔”,后接基数词加复数名词,或接序数词加单数名词,如:every four weeks, every three months等,此种结构中的every不能用each代替。4、economic, economical两个词都可译成“经济的”,但含义不同。economic用以指与贸易、工业或财富等有关的“经济上的”或“有关经济学方面”的意义,一般用作定语。如:They are faced with many economic problems.他们面临许多经济问题。The country is in a bad economic state, so we must reduce profits.国家经济状况不佳,所以我们应减少利润。economical则指与“节约”同义的“经济”,相当于not wasteful。既可指人也可指物,既可作表语也可作定语。如:This is an economical stove.这是一种经济煤炉。She is an economical housekeeper and feeds her family cheaply.她是一个节俭的家庭主妇,她全家的花销不大。5、each other, one another这两个代词词组都作“互相”解,较多地在句子中充当宾语。each other一般只用于两个人或事物之间,one another则用于超过两个人或事物的场合。试比较:Wagner and Strauss often exchanged gifts with each other. (指两者。)The members in our group learned from one another. (指超过两者。)又如:They sat down opposite to each other.他们相对而坐。They were not suited to each other.他们俩不合适。We have known one another since we were children.我们在小的时候就相互认识了。这两个词组的差别目前已不是很严格,有时可互相替换。6、effective, efficient这两个形容词虽然都可译成“有效的”,但含义有所不同。effective指某物有一种显著的,预期的效果或是取得了预期的效果,它还可表示“有战斗力的,得力的”的意思。如:Her efforts to improve the school have been very effective.他为改善学校而做出的努力是卓有成效的。This machine is an effective remedy for acid indigestion.这是一种治疗胃酸过多的良药。He has become an effective assistant.他已成为一名得力的助手。efficient主要指某人办事效率高,不浪费时间和精力等,也可指机械设备“有效率的”。如:A good leader should be both competent and efficient.一名好领导应该精明能干,办事效率高。Our efficient new machines are much cheaper to run.我们所买的高效机器运转消耗要小得多。7、elder, older这两个词皆是形容词的比较形式。1)elder为“年长的”,只指人,用来比较年龄长幼,尤指兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。它只能用在名词前作定语,不能用于than引导的比较状语从句。older为“年纪较大的,较老的,较旧的”,可指人也可指物,可作定语也可作表语,能用在than引导的 比较状语从句中。Which is the elder of the two sisters?两姐妹中,谁是姐姐? The older of the two sisters led me into the sitting-room.两姐妹中的姐姐把我领进了客厅。2) eldest和oldest的区别也是如此:前者表示年龄的长幼关系,后者表示年龄及时间或年代上的长久。 如: She has three children, and her eldest has just started school. 她有三个孩子,最大的刚开始读书。 It is the oldest building in our college. 这是我们学院最旧的楼。8、exhausted, tired, tiresome这三个词都与“疲劳,疲倦”有关。exhausted:“筋疲力尽的,疲惫不堪的”,语气最强。形容人因劳累过度而再无剩余精力或耐力继续做某事。在句中可作表语,状语。当它形容物,如资源等时,意为“耗尽的,用光的”。The athletes were too much exhausted to wake easily when once asleep.运动员们疲惫不堪,一旦入睡便很难醒来。The enemy troops being exhausted and demoralized, our troops won a series of victories.敌军疲惫不堪,士气低落,我军连战皆捷。tired:“累的,疲倦的”,普通用词,泛指由于工作紧张或其他原因导致的疲乏,在英语中,也可表示“厌倦,不耐烦。常用于下列短语:be tired of (doing) sth. 厌倦做某事。Im sure you must be tired after cycling all that distance.骑了那么远路,我想你肯定累坏了。When I first got to Wisconsin, I was tired of eating such kind of food as hamburger every day.初到威斯康星时,我对每天都吃汉堡类食品而感到厌倦。tiresome:“令人厌倦的,讨厌的”,描写毫无趣味,易让人生厌的人或事物,也指单调重复的工作使人感到疲劳。The difficulty of grasping abstract statements made my learning very tiresome.难以理解的抽象表述使我对学习感到厌烦。The lecture lasted three hours and it was really tiresome.讲座持续了三个小时,的确令人劳累。9、electric, electrical1 ). electric为“电的,用电的,带电的”,指任何电动的或发电的装置,被修饰的物体本身可带电。如: electric light, electric stove, electric piano, electric motor, electric bell。又如: Please connect the two electric wires.请将这两根电线接起来。 With this electric blanket, the grandpa wont feel cold in winte
网站客服QQ:2055934822
金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号