Key to ExercisesU1I1. tied with a ribbon for decoration 2. did not have a favorable or friendly feeling toward somebody3. something that could develop into a greater idea4. to be successful in life or at work 5. an increase in the amount you are paid for work 6. used for emphasizing how little (there is of something) 7. serious formal study or research of a subject 8. being in a position that gives you an advantage or opportunity 9. to yield/give in (The metaphor is a card game where a player is said to “fold” when he puts down his cards, realizing that he has a weak hand.)10. to keep matters enjoyable and not very serious 11. earning (money) 12. to be willing/inclined to do something13. to be the essential quality of a formal speech 14. publicity (used to talk about how often or how well or badly someone or something is described in newspapers or magazines)15. the chances of something happening; the likelihood of being successful16. the newest and the most advanced 17. facility for physical exercise 18. (AmE. informal) to have fun eating, drinking, and dancing, etc. with other people 19. (very informal) to be justifiably cheated20. to be forced to give up 21. to oppose or resist stubbornly and obstinately 22. to attack, to pursue in order to oppose/argue against 23. to have something as the most important part; to boil down to24. planned direction in which a vehicle is moving 25. to add more details to make something more complete 26. for all involved or affectedV1. My father had some unhappy experiences with lawyers and policemen (implying that he got into some trouble and was punished in some way) and therefore did not like lawyers and policemen. The speakers use of this unashamed admission about his fathers trouble with the law is humorous. 2. My father advised me to study literature since that was what I really liked. I had only one life, unless I had secret knowledge that we can all be reborn again and again (that reincarnation is not just nonsense) and therefore I can go to college many times. My father of course was totally contemptuous of the whole idea of reincarnation.3. They want the diploma/credentials which will enable them to get well-paid jobs on Wall Street or go to law schools, medical schools, or business schools to become lawyers, doctors, and business executives.4. In order to be successful, they have to work hard. They must earn the right to keep their job as a professor for as long as they like, keep publishing if they do not want to perish, get higher and higher salaries, and get offers from outside their universities to add to their prestige. And all this can be broadly called scholarly work.5. The professor saves his energies for his own scholarly work while the student saves his energies for his friends, socializing, volunteer work, building a network of people who might be useful for his career, and trying in every possible way to obtain an ideal job upon graduation, which is really the most important goal for him. The speaker is implying that neither the professor nor the student is giving his/her main attention to teaching and learning.6. Eton, as we know is a “public”(that is, private) school for the British aristocracy. It educates the men who become Britains leaders; the ties formed there are all-important as are the unspoken rules you learn. So what Wellington is saying here is that it was this small and cohesive class and its values that defeated Napoleon.7. What students are looking for from a liberal arts education is not a luxury, but a necessity. It is not something you could do with, but something you absolutely cant do without. 8. You may be someone who is never embarrassed in social gatherings because you are so well-read and so knowledgeable (or who can embarrass others by making them appear ignorant).9. For some reason, you find that these writers who lived a long time ago seem to know more about you than you do yourself.10. In reading, I continue to look for one thing. I hope that I can find new ideas and new perspectives that will make me change the course of my life and put me on a new and better road.VI. Phrases1. 炮制计划2. 取得一种成就；获得一种技能/本领/功夫3. 不太喜欢，没有好感4. 内部消息5. 课程目录6. 拥有大量资金的大玩家7. 首要的目标8. 成功的前景9. 印发证书10. 教学的基本原则11. 学术出版物12. 与这问题无关13. （他）全身心投入14. 社交生活15. 建立关系网16. 为他们谋生计17. 视而不见18. 与美国结盟19. 德才兼备/全面发展的学生20. 艰苦的任务21. 挖掘他们的资源22. 报界的恶评23. 最新、最先进的健身设施24. 得来不易的智慧VII. 1. understatement2. metaphor3. simile4. oxymoron5. alliteration 6. hyperbole 7. euphemism 8. parallel structure9. antithesis 10. rhyme Sentences1. 我每次讲话都必须在弗洛伊德有关观点的基础上再努力往前探索。2. 只是聪明的人都习惯于琢磨他们如何才能顺利谋生的问题。3. 我当时提出，这种行为完全可以勒令他休学一段时间。4. 黑色的豪华轿车开来停在他的办公室前面，从车里涌出来大批衣着得体的谈判人。5. 我那位哥们吓得腿发软了吗？没有，他不是那种人，不过他实在不喜欢这个过程。6. 你们可能会以为，对于大学教育不该有什么实质性的内容，不该以约翰济慈喜欢称之为“心灵培养”为目的的这种观念，教授们和大学校长们一定会十