初三英语复习被动语态 过去将来时和过去完成时语法一. 本周教学内容： 复习被动语态、过去将来时和过去完成时语法 1. 被动语态 The Passive Voice 构成：be+及物动词的过去分词 主动语态：Workers make cars. 被动语态：Cars are made by workers. 结论： 谓语动词的执行者作主语，谓语动词为主动语态。 谓语动词的承受者作主语，谓语动词为被动语态。 主要用法： （1）当我们不知道动词的执行者是谁，或者动作的执行者是谁并不重要时，需要用被动语态。 e.g. Rice is grown in North China. Silk is produced in Hangzhou. （2）当我们需要强调动词的承受者时，常用被动语态。 e.g. This knife is used for cutting paper. The key is used for looking and opening the door. 注意： A. 不及物动词通常不能构成被动语态。 B. 情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词be及物动词的过去分词” be随着人称和时态而变化。 2. 过去将来时，The Future-in-the-Past Tense 定义：过去将来时表示对过去某一时间来说将要发生的动作或状况。 构成：would或was / were going to 动词原形 e.g. He said he would go to his home town for the Spring Festival. 他说他将回家乡去过春节。 They told me that they would visit Beijing the next week. 他们告诉我他们下星期将访问北京。 Mary said that she was going to do some shopping the next day. 玛丽说她第二天将去购物。 过去将来时通常在以下二种情况下使用。 （1）主句为过去时，在宾语从句中表示将来的事情用过去将来时。 e.g. I didnt know that they would be all there 我不知道他们都会去那儿。 He said he was going to send Ben a Christmas card. 他说他将给本寄一张圣诞卡。 （2）在叙述过去的事情时，在当时看来将要发生的事。 e.g. She was our new teacher and she would be 30 years old that year. We all liked her very much and we were going to have a party for her birthday. 她那时是我们的新老师。她那一年就到30岁了。我们非常喜欢她，打算为她举办一次生日聚会。 He told Jim not to worry. He would take care of Polly. 他告诉吉姆不必担心，他会照看波利的。 3. 过去完成时态（I）The Past Perfect Tense（I） 构成：had+过去分词 定义：过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的时间是过去的过去。只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到这个时态。这个时态常常用于宾语从句中。 e.g. Kevin said he had never worn a suit before. 凯文说他从前从未穿过套装。 Did you know if Fang had been to the Science Museum? 你知道芳是否已经去过科学博物馆了？ 我们可以用time line来比较过去完成时与一般过去时的不同，也比较两种时态。 注意：过去完成时与现在完成时在构成上的差异。 have + p.p. had + p.p. 以后我们还会继续学习这个时态。I. 将主动语态变成被动语态 1. Yesterday we heard them quarrel in the next room. 2. Mothers look after the children carefully. 3. Can you make the model car? 4. In the way rain does not wash away the soil. 5. May I write the English words with pencil? 6. They held the meeting to talk about the tree planting programme. 7. In some large shops, robots do most of the work. 8. A famous doctor is going to operate on his mother. 9. The girl ate up the bread quickly. 10. We need some rice. II. 将被动语态变成主动语态。 1. The child was saved by the doctor. 2. She was offered some nice books by the students. 3. The light has been turned off by Xiao Mao. 4. She has never been asked to speak before such a big classroom. 5. Tom will be given this note by Kate tomorrow. 6. More trees must be planted next year. 7. A new machine was invented by Uncle Wang last month. 8. Your bedroom should be cleaned and tidied every day. 9. The Great Wall was built by Chinese people two thousand years ago. III. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. If someone has done something wrong, he will _（punish） 2. Food _ （need）by all living things. 3. The newspaper must _（not lend）to others. 4. He _（find）quite honest by her. 5. Information can _ （store）in computers today. IV. 选择填空： 1. How far _ from the station? A. isB. it is C. is it D. are they 2. Could you _ me the way to the police station ? A. showB. takeC. makeD. say 3. We found _ easy to work out the problem. A. thisB. it C. thatD. them 4. I _ the League for several months. A. joinedB. have joined C. came inD. have been in 5. Miss Li is a very good manager. _. A. So is sheB. So she is C. She is so D. She is too 6. She was seen _ under the tree at that time. A. singingB. sing C. sangD. sings 7. _ your help, all the students passed the exams. A. Thank youB. Because C. Instead ofD. Thanks to 8. _ fine weather today? A. How aB. What a C. WhatD. How 9. Could you tell me where _ now? A. does she liveB. she lives C. did she liveD. she lived 10. My parents are busy _ in the office now. They wont be free _ next. A. to work, inB. working, in C. working, untilD. to work, untilV. 补全对话： A: Have you ever been 1 ? B: Yes. A: What do you 2 do online? B: Surfing online, visiting some cool 3 , chatting, 4 , sending E-mail, learning the 5 news, seeing films, 6 jobs, learning languages, etc. A: Whats the 7 of the web? B: Making friends, making things 8 , getting help, relaxing yourself, etc. A: What are some of the disadvantages of the 9 ? B: You may 10 your time playing games. Getting virus online will damage your 11 Somethings brought online are not of good