专题八动词第一节动词的分类及辨析,中考五年命题规律及趋势考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值动词词义辨析201543实义动词词义辨析smiled/talked/cried1.5分201442实义动词词义辨析bought/ordered/made1.5分44实义动词词义辨析spend/cost/pay1.5分50实义动词词义辨析walked/stood/shouted1.5分201322实义动词词义辨析visited/called/found1分44实义动词词义辨析thanked/argued/loved1.5分201225实义动词词义辨析agreed/refused/replied1分43感官动词词义辨析watch/see/look1.5分45实义动词词义辨析keeping/losing/improving1.5分47实义动词辨析takes/spends/costs1.5分201122实义动词词义辨析by/catch/get1分31实义动词词义辨析take/spend/save1分41实义动词词义辨析dreamed/changed/learned1.5分43实义动词词义辨析to_make/to realized/to achieve1.5分48实义动词词义辨析had/let/kept1.5分遵义中考单项选择对动词的考查主要涉及动词(包括实义动词和感官动词)、动词短语、情态动词、非谓语动词(只考查动词不定式)。完形填空中也涉及实义动词词义辨析，而语篇填空、单词拼写、改错题中对动词的考查主要是和时态，语法及非谓语动词结合。预计2016年中考单选仍会从动词短语、情态动词、动词不定式方面来考查。完形填空主要考查动词词义辨析。,遵义中考重难点突破动词的分类实义动词是否接宾语及物动词不及物动词是否延续性延续性动词短暂性动词系动词助动词情态动词动词分类【考点抢测】()1._ everyone here today？Now lets begin the meeting.ABeBAreCIs()2.He _ pale at the meeting this morning.Agot Blooked Cturned()3.I _ go to bed until I finished my work.Adont Bdid Cdidnt()4.He _ an English club last year and has made great progress in English.Aprotected Bproduced Cjoined()5.I will meet Jane at the station.Please _ what time she will arrive.Acount Bchose Ccheck()6.It is helpful to _ a good habit of reading in language learning.Atake Bshow Cdevelop【满分点拨】动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为4类，即行为动词，也称实义动词，(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。情态动词将在第三节中具体讲解。遵义中考侧重于实义动词的考查，偶尔也涉及感官动词的辨析。动词作为句子的核心成分，学生应重点掌握。1动词的分类(1)实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具体用法为：动词宾语。如：He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。动词宾语宾语补足语。如：They asked me to go fishing with them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：I will return the storybook to him.我准备把故事书还给他。注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。如：Lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：We study English.我们学习英语。(及物)We study hard.我们学习努力。(不及物)(2)系动词的用法系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。如：The food tastes delicious.那食物尝起来好吃。常考系动词的分类类别功能例词表示状态表示主语所处的状态am，is，are，was，were表示持续表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态keep，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官表示人体感官的系动词look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示状态变化表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态become，get，go，grow，turn常见用法的注意事项：一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐”，可用于进行时。如：Its getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。(3)助动词的用法助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：分类作用beam/is/are现在分词现在进行时was/were现在分词过去进行时be过去分词被动语态do形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气havehave/has过去分词现在完成时had过去分词过去完成时havebeen现在分词现在完成进行时will/shallwill/shall动词原形一般将来时would/should动词原形过去将来时【易错点提醒】will，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。(4)情态动词的用法(具体用法和习题详见本专题的第三节情态动词)2动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式，即：动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。规则动词的三种变化规律如下表：动词的结构第三人称单数过去式/分词现在分词一般情况v.s(works，reads)v.ed(stayed)v.ing(doing)以不发音的e结尾动词v.s(comes)v.d(moved)去e，再ing(moving)一个元音字母一个辅音字母结尾的重读音节v.s(plans stops)双写辅音字母，再加ed(planned)双写辅音字母，再ing(stopping)特殊情况以x、s、z、ch、sh、o结尾动词，v.es(goes)以辅音字母y结尾的动词，改y为i，再ed(studied)以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y，再ing(lying)动词辨析【考点抢测】一、词语运用joinwearsmellcost1We need to buy a computer that _ least and has the best quality.2Why are you _ a Tshirt？Youll probably catch a cold in this very cold weather.3Mum，this kind of fruit _ nice.Id like to taste one.二、单项选择()4.You are _ to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesnt get bored.Asuggested Bsupported Csupposed()5.His family are worried about him because they havent _ letters from him for a long time.Aaccepted Breceived Cwritten()6.Daisy is such a good daughter that she _ most of her spare time with her parents.Aspends Bcosts Ctakes()7.Dont forget to _ “Thank you！”when someone helps you.Atalk Btell Csay()8.The roof of the house needs repairing.Its raining now.Youd better get something to _ rain drops.Acontrol Bcover Ccatch()9.Oh，it _ so nice.What beautiful music it is!Asmells Bsounds Ctastes【满分点拨】分析遵义近几年的中考真题不难看出动词辨析是遵义中考的一个必考点。主要涉及实义动词辨析，感官动词辨析等。这种题目多会在单选和完形填空中出