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初中英语 语法之名词复习 粤教版一名词 一 形容词 二 代词 三 数词 四 冠词 五 动词 动词语态时态 动词不定式 六 副词 七 介词 八 连词 九 比较级和最高级 十 定语从句 十一 主谓一致 十二 状语从句 十三 虚拟语气 十四 倒装句 十五 独立主格 十六 其他重点语法 名词一、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, 二、名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。1、专有名词:个人,地方,机构等专有名称,如:China, Shanghai, Li lei等。2、普通名词:1)个体名词:某类人或东西中的个体,如 fighter, gun, country等。 2)集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体,如 family, team, police, class等。 3)物质名词:无法分为个体的实物,如 cotton,tea, air等。 4)抽象名词:动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如 health, happiness等。三、名词的数:可数名词都有单数和复数之分;不可数名词没有复数形式。【重点】1、可数名词的单复数形式A、规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:1)一般情况加 s :books,mouths,houses,girls等。2)以 s,sh,ch,x结尾的加 es:classes,boxes,matches等。3)辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies:cities,countries,parties,factories等。4)以 o 结尾的词 +es:heroes,Negroes,tomatoes,potatoes等。 以 o 结尾 +s:radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,kilos,photos等。5)以f,fe 结尾的多数 +es:leaves,lives,wives,knives,halves,wolves等。 直接 + s 的名词:roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs等。B、不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的,它没有规律可循,如:manmen,womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet,toothteeth, mousemice;单复同形的名词有:fish, sheep,deer单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。重点提示:fish 的复数有两种即“fish”和“fishes”,Fish 强调鱼, fishes 鱼的种类There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. 其余的由“名词+名词”构成的合成名词,则在后面的名词末尾加复数形式,例如:Two girl students , three boy players2、不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词,因此用单数形式,但是不可数名词在有些情况下却用复数形式。A、物质名词在表示不同类别时,可用复数形式例如: tea (茶)-teas (各种茶) , oil (油)-oils(各种油) , steel (钢)-steels(各种钢) , silk (丝绸)-silks (各种丝稠)重点提示:hair 和 fruit 通常都作单数,表示总体,但表示若干根头发、若干种水果,则需要用这两个词的复数形式,例如:The fruit is ripening . 果子在成熟(表示总体)That girl likes pears , peaches and other juicy fruits .那个女孩喜欢梨、桃子和其他多汁的水果。B、某些物质名词的单复数形式表示不同的意义例如: snow (雪)-snows (积雪) , water (水)-waters (海水,湖水,河水) Green (绿色)-greens (蔬菜)C、有些物质名词有时可作可数名词,有时作不可数名词这些要根据上下文来决定,一些名词既可以看做是“物质”或“材料”(不可数)名词又可以看做是“个体”(可数)名词。物质/材料(不可数)名词个体(可数)名词Light travels faster than sound.光比声的速度快。Therere seven lights in the classroom.教室里有七盏灯。重点提示:很多关于饮料的名词当做物质名词看时,是不可数名词,但是在一定场合中如果加上不定冠词或数词,就变成了可数名词。例如:Beer is expensive these days . 最近啤酒价钱很贵.A(One ) beer , please . 请来一杯啤酒。Two teas and four coffees , please . 请来两杯茶和杯咖啡。D、有些名词作为不可数名词时指的是一般的东西,但前面若加不定冠词则表示具有特殊性的东西。不可数名词(表示一般性)可数名词(表示特殊性)Education should be free.教育应当免费。A good education is expensive.良好的教育费用很高。E、有些抽象名词用复数形式时,表示特别的意义Spirit (精神) spirits (酒精) time (时间) times (时代)Work (工作) works (著作,工厂)F、物质名词在表示数量时,常用表示数量的of词组来表示。A fine kind of paper 一种优质纸 a large sum of money 一大笔钱练习:易错点1)Help yourself to _.A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken2)_ it is today!A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather3) This class _ now. Miss Gao teaches them.A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying1、基础题1. -What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. coke D. icecream2- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters3The _are going to fly to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans4Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news5- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children2、 提高题1Twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident.A. person, life B. people, livesC. peoples, lives D. persons, life2 One of the family on the bed.A. photos is B. photoes areC. photos are D. photoes is 3There are some foreigners talking in the room. They are two ,three and two .A. Japanese; Englishmen; GermansB. Japanese; Englishman, GermanC. Japaneses; Englishmen, GermansD. Japanese, Englishmen, Germen 4-Please help me move the table in.-But there is not enough for it.A. place B. floorC. room D. ground 5These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor6Yesterday Xiao Min bought a new pair of .It is made of .A. glass; glass B. glasses; gla
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