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专题十 非谓语动词直击 中考 考点考点一 动词不定式重难点精析动词不定式作成分(重点考查)动词不定式是每年中考的必考点。考生必须清楚牢记并掌握不定式分别可以在句中所作的成分及功能。作主语:To learn math well is difficult for us.作表语:Her job is to do the dishes.作宾语(包括疑问词加不定式):They decided to visit the Great Lakes.Could you tell me how to get to the train station?作宾语补足语:The teacher asked us to turn off the lights. Hard seats make customers want to eat quickly and leave.作定语:I have a lot of books to read.作状语:To catch the train, we had to get up early.动词不定式的特殊句型(1) too.to.表示“太而不能”。如:The boy is too young to look after himself. 那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。(2).enough to.表示“足够”。如:He is old enough to go to school. 他到了上学的年龄了。“疑问词加动词不定式”的用法动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语或宾语。如: When to go to Beijing hasnt been decided yet. 什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语) I havent decided yet when to leave. 我还没决定什么时候离开。(作宾语)【注意】“疑问词加不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如: Can you tell me where to get the scarf? =Can you tell me where I can get the scarf? 你能告诉我哪里能买到这条围巾吗?【突破方法】习惯搭配法学习非谓语动词时,要注意哪些动词后用动词不定式,哪些动词后用动名词,同时也要注意使用非谓语动词不同形式的句型,这样许多问题就会迎刃而解。考点二 动名词重难点精析只能接动名词的动词常见的可以跟动名词作宾语的动词有:enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, keep, give up等。如:He hasnt finished reading the novel. 他还没有看完那部小说。We must practice speaking English. 我们必须练习说英语。既可接动词不定式又可跟动名词的动词在love, like, hate, prefer, begin, start, need, remember, forget, try, stop等动词后,既可以用动名词作宾语,也可以用不定式作宾语,但表达的意思不同。如:1. stop doing something停止做某事stop to do something停下来去做某事2. try doing something尝试做某事try to do something尽力去做某事3. forget doing something忘了做过某事forget to do something忘了要去做某事(未做)4. remember doing something记得做过某事remember to do something记得要去做某事(未做)5. need doing something需要做某事(被动含义)need to do something需要去做某事(主动含义)【注意】喜欢(enjoy),不断(keep),提建议(suggest),想要(feel like),介意(mind),完成(finish),忍不住(cant help),练习(practice),这些动词或动词短语后接动词的-i n g形式。考点三 现在分词与过去分词重难点精析现在分词与过去分词英语中的分词有两种:现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由动词原形加ing构成;过去分词由动词原形加ed构成;现在分词表示正在进行或主动意义,过去分词表示已经完成或被动意义;现在分词表示主动的意思,所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者,过去分词表示被动的意思,所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者。如:developing country发展中国家(正在发展的)developed country发达国家(已经发展了的)an exciting film一部激动人心的电影(修饰物)excited audience激动的观众(修饰人)2
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