Chapter 3 The night of the horseThe present perfect tense一、 现在完成时的构成与用法：1. 现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成。6l 陈述句形式Statement formsI/You/We/They have just seenI/You/We/They have not/havent just seenShe/He/It has just seenShe/He/It has not/hasnt just seenl 疑问句形式Question formsHave you/I/we/they seenyet?Has he/she/it seenyet?l 简略答语Short answersYes, I/you/we/they have.No, I/you/we/they havent.Yes, he/she/it has.No, he/she/it hasnt.注：否定回答中，还可以用yet。例如：Have you seen the film? 你看过那部电影了吗？No, not yet./Not yet.还没有。2. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。l 常与already, just和yet等连用。例如：Have you finished your work yet?Yes, I have. Ive just finished it.Ive already finished it.No, I havent finished it yet.注：already通常用在肯定句中，yet通常用在否定句和疑问句中。l 也可以和ever和never等连用。例如：Have you ever been to Cape Town?No, Ive never been there.3. 现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。例如：l for和表示一段时间的词组连用。例如：for nine daysl since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。例如：since three weeks ago注：对for和since引导的时间状语进行提问用how long注：before, ever since, so far, in/during the past/last +一段时间 也经常和现在完成时连用。4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在的影响、结果等。而一般过去时则只表示在过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，就过去时中的时间单方面讲，只能与一般过去时连用，而不能与现在完成时连用。例如：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你去过长城吗？Yes, I have. 我去过。When did you go there?你什么时候去的？Last week. 上星期。二、 有关现在完成时的几个问题：1. have gone to, have been to,have been inhave gone to“去了”表示去了某地还未回来，have been to“去过”表示去过某地已经回来，have been in“一直在”表示待在某地一段时间。例如：She has gone to town.她进城去了。Have you ever been to Dalian?你去过大连吗？Yes, I have.我去过。Yes, just/only once.只去过一次。No, I havent/never/not even once.我没去过。Who has been to Thailand?谁去过泰国？Nobody has.没人去过。None of us has.我们都没去过。Only David has.只有大卫去过。Emma and Victor have.艾玛和威可多去过。The Greens have been in China for two years.格林一家在中国待了两年了。2. have gothave got在形式上是现在完成时，有时却和have意思相同，表示“有”。例如：Excuse me. Have you got an umbrella? 对不起。你有雨伞吗？Yes, Ive got one. 我有一把。Sorry, I havent got one.对不起，我没有。Excuse me. Have you got any books about math? 对不起。你有关于数学的书吗？Yes,Ive got some.我有。Sorry,I havent got any at the moment.对不起,我现在没有。注：have got to和have to的意思相同。例如：Ive got to leave now.我得走了。3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的转换 just与(just) a moment ago转换。例如：Ive just cleaned the room.I cleaned the room (just) a moment ago. Since或for引导的时间状语表示的是一段时间，因此与之连用的动词应是延续性动词，终止性动词要进行相应的转换。例如：begin/startbe on leave()be away (from)go tobe in borrow/lendkeepcome tobe inreturn be back be bornbe indiebe deadbuyhaveget to/reach/arrive in/atbe inopenbe openclosebe closedstopbe overfinish/endbe overjoinbe in/be a member ofbecomebebreakbe brokenhave gothavebegin/start to studystudy巧记17组瞬间动词：开始离去,借来还, 出生入死,买到家。开关停止,参变坏。例如：I bought the newspaper two hours ago.I have had the newspaper for two hours/since two hours ago.Its two hours since I bought the newspaper.Two hours has passed since I bought the newspaper.三、 练习：(1)用for或since 填空：_three months_three months ago_a long time_nine oclock this morning_we met last time_last Friday_September_1989用have been in, have been to, have gone to的适当形式填空： “ your father Hainan?”“Yes, he there several times.” “Where is your mother?”“She the shop.”I Shenyang for twenty years.He Shanghai, but he didnt like the people there.My uncles family Japan to live. I hope they will be happier there.We this school since last September.“Is Bill in?” “Sorry, he the hospital.”How long you this city?Xiao Li Beijing in his car. He is staying with his friends.I never Harbin before.改写句子：The train left the statiom ten minutes ago.The train _ _ _ _ the station _ ten minutes ago.The shop opened in 2000. The shop _ _ _ for _ years.My aunt came to Shenyang last week.My aunt Shenyang a week.The boy joined the tennis club in 2002.The boy the tennis club 2002.His father bought a new car last month.His father a new car last month.The new movie started ten minutes ago.The new movie _ _ _ _ten minutes.Her grandma died ten years ago.Her grandma _ _ _ _ten years ago.The English class finished five minutes ago.The English class _ _ _ _five minutes.They became professional players last October.They professional players last October.My mother borrowed a library book two weeks ago.My mother a library book two weeks.补全对话：Many people come to Hainan to spend their May