Unit 2 Growing pains一、阅读理解Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.Pathos is a speakers way of connecting with an audiences emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.1.What is the purpose of persuasion?A. To advise somebody to support you.B. To help someone have special skillC. To convince somebody to realize his aim.D. To talk someone into being honest.2.What is a speakers way of convincing the audience to trust him?A. Pathos.B. Ethos.C. Logos.D. Education.3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.B. Both save people from terrible wars.C. Both make the audience support them.D. Both persuade people to donate money.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Convince the AudienceB. Three Basic Tools of PersuasionC. Believe MeD. Strength of Persuasion【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选A。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from aterrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支持他们。故选C。4.B 【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选B。二、词汇练习1. You will have the baby _.She is not _. She is very brave.(惊吓)2. Dont _ your food. It is not good to have so much _.(浪费)3. make a _ （决定）You have to _ for yourself.4. Mary always _ well when visitors come.She has good _. （行为，举止）5. I like the _ of the rushing river. It _ like music. （声音；听起来）6. Please _ the rules to the children again.It seemed that her _ didnt work. （解释）7. He _down and picked up his wallet.He is _on studying.（弯腰；一心一意）8. ask some _ about my son （指导，引导）_by the local villagers, we succeeded in reaching the destination.9. fight for _He is not _ today.The government should do something to make students _ from much learning burden.All these tickets are _ （自由；免费；使从摆脱）10. The _about this is useless.They are _ about this with each other. （争吵）11. do _ to. be _to. （伤害）12. Be _! （耐心）We should have enough _ on teaching pupils.13. Because of his _, the whole plan failed. He is a little _ （愚蠢）14. gain _ become _ （独立）15. acquire a lot of _ be _ （智慧；明智的）16. She died of _.She _to death eventually. （饥饿；饿死）17. _ exercise can keep us healthy.Jogging may do good to us _. （身体的）18. We saw them coming toward us in the _.She is a _ cousin of mine. （疏远的，距离）19. deserve _ _ _(praise)20. We can not tolerate _ _(laugh)at by others.21. Forbid _(smoke) here.They are forbidden_ _(smoke) here.22. 成年