第一编 专题一阅读理解 考点2推理判断题 真题体验 Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills 垃圾填埋场 andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms greaterwaxmoth ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene whichaccountsfor40 ofplastics Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams oralmost3 ofit Toconfirmthattheworms chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste 糊状物 andappliedittoplasticfilms 14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13 oftheirmass apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes 酶 fromtheworms stomachs TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017 FedericaBertocchini co authorofthestudy saystheworms abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood beeswax alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic Waxisacomplexmixture butthebasicbondinpolyethylene thecarbon carbonbond isthereaswell sheexplains Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond JenniferDeBruyn amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting Thenextstep DeBruynsays willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes 肠道微生物 Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess notsimply millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic 文章大意 本文是一篇说明文 作者介绍了一项科学发现 一种吃塑料的虫子 大蜡螟 它胃中的酶能够降解塑料 从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径 Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy A Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood B Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures C Theycanconsumeplastics D Theywindupinlandfills 解析 推理判断题 根据第二段第一句 foundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene 和第二句中的thewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams可知 研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯 显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料 与选项C中提到的 吃塑料 吻合 C AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn thenextstepofthestudyisto A identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC confirmtheresearchfindingsD increasethebreakdownspeed解析 细节理解题 根据第四段最后两句 Thenextstep Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes 可知 接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的 选项B 查明酶的来源 与此吻合 B Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight A helptoraisewormsB helpmakeplasticbagsC beusedtocleantheoceansD beproducedinfactoriesinfuture解析 推理判断题 根据最后一段第二句 Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess notsimply millionsofworms 可知 研究人员期望不仅仅能用大蜡螟蠕虫去清理塑料垃圾 也期望在某种工业流程中用这种化学制品 这与选项D中提到的 今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品 吻合 D Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage A Toexplainastudymethodonworms B Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm C Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics D Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco balance 解析 推理判断题 作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究 显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径 选项C与此意吻合 C B 2018 全国 C Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren slives andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading Accordingtothereport skeyfindings theproportion 比例 whosaythey hardlyever readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13 year oldsand9percentof17 year oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren ages2 8 remainlargelythesame Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading thereportdoeslittletocounsel 建议 parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe readersandtabletsonreading Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently comparedtoinfrequentreaders havemorebooksinthehome morebookspurchasedforthem parentswhoreadmoreoften andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread Astheendofschoolapproaches andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom 逼近 ahead parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore 文章大意 本文是一篇议论文 一份调查报告显示 尽管阅读在很多孩子的生活中仍然是很重要的一部分 但是进行趣味性阅读的青少年人数在减少 要想改变这种状况 父母应该在阅读方面起示范作用 成为重要的引导者 WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout A Children sreadinghabits B Qualityofchildren sbooks C Children safter classactivities D Parent childrelationships 解析 推理判断题 关于题干提到的这份报告 第二 三段说孩子们的趣味性阅读减少了 几乎不进行趣味性阅读的人数增加了 第五 六段提到电子书的阅读以及父母的榜样作用 从这些信息推断 这份报告研究的内容是孩子们的阅读习惯 因此选A A Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports childrenarereadingalotlessforfun A Inparagraph2 B Inparagraph3 C Inparagraph4 D Inparagraph5 解析 推理判断题 第三段说几乎不进行趣味性阅读的孩子的人数比例上升了 因此这一段说的是孩子们趣味性阅读的情况减少了 这与题干中的 孩子们趣味性阅读的情况减少了 相吻合 B Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading A E booksareofpoorqualit