过去分词过去分词是非谓语动词一种重要形式，它在句中可作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。一、过去分词作定语1、单个的过去分词作定语，一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。少数不及物动词作前置定语时仅指完成意义，而不指被动。 e.g. broken cup 打破的杯子 polluted water受污染的水 fallen leaves落叶 risen sun升起来的太阳2、过去分词作后置定语时，相当于省略了that/which be的定语从句。e.g. The books, (which were) written by Lu Xun, were very popular. Well go to visit the bridge (which was ) built hundreds of years ago. 注意：过去分词与现在分词的区别。 现在分词作定语表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已经完成的动作或状态。boiling water正在烧的水 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子boiled water 已烧开的水 fallen leaves 已落在地上的叶子 现在分词通常修饰物，过去分词修饰人。 The news is exciting. We are excited to hear the news.考题演练：1. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing2. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 3. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known4. I dont know the girl _ in the snow storm. A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching 答案： AADB二、过去分词作表语 1、及物动词的过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态，动作的被动和完成。 The glass is broken. 玻璃破了。 The ground is covered with snow. 地上覆盖着雪。 2、不及物动词的过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态，不表被动，只表示动作的完成。 They are gone for vacation. 他们去度假了。 The stick is burnt. 木棍燃烧过了。注意： 要区别过去分词作表语和被动语态。被动语态的动作意义很强，后常跟“ by+ 施动者”。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Jack yesterday. 表示感觉的一些过去分词 (surprised, disappointed, excited, pleased等) 及其他一些过去 分词（ dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known, married, bent, recovered, separated等）常可用作表语，表示状态。其中有些只表状态，毫无被动意义。 I found that I was lost. 我发现我迷路了。 Those days are passed and gone 那些日子一去不复返了。 He is dead drunk. 他喝得烂醉。三、过去分词作状语1、表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，可在过去分词前加上when, while, until等强调时间概念。Seen from the hill (=When it is seen from the hill), the park looks very beautiful.Having been shown around the library (= After we were shown around), we came to the classroom building. Dont speak until spoken to (= until you are spoken to). 2、表示原因，相当于as, since, because引导的从句，这类状语多放在句子前半部分。如: Frightened by the noise in the night (= Because she was frightened by the noise), the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room. 小女孩被夜里的响声吓坏了，不敢在自己的房间睡觉了。Surprised at what happened (As he was surprised at what happened), Tom didnt know what to do.3、表示条件，相当于if, unless引导的从句。Given more time (= If we were given more time), we could do it much better. Compared with you (= If we are compared with you), we still have a long way to go. 4、表示让步，相当于though, even if引导的从句。Much tired (= Though he was much tired), he still kept on working.Even if invited (= Even if Im invited), I wont take part in the party.5、表示方式或伴随。The hunter left his house, followed by his dog (= and he was followed by his dog). She sat by the window, lost in thought (= and she was lost in thought). 注意：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致。考题演练：1. If you go to Xian, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly _ . A. supposing B. supposed C. to suppose D. suppose 2._in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose3.European football is played in 80 countries, _it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 4.If_the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 5.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 6._some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed by答案：BCACDB四、过去分词作宾补表示动作已经完成或结束，并有被动意义。过去分词作宾语补足语时，句子的谓语动词通常是感观动词和使役动词。1、表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。He watched the TV set carried out of the room. They found their bikes stolen.2、表示“使役”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。I had my leg broken in the football game. She raised her voice to make herself understood.They kept the door locked for a long time. 记忆口诀：五看三使两听一感觉3、当过去分词用在“with +宾语宾补”这一结构中，宾语与作宾补的动词之间构成被动关系。The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. With everything well arranged, he left the office.考题演练：1. _ poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself _. A. To be;understand B. Im ;to understandC. Being; understanding D. Being; understood2. I have had my bike _, and Im going to have somebody _