学海无涯 话题语言应用 跨文化交际 语言积累语言积累 交际用语交际用语 1 禁止和警告 prohibition and warning Always stay Do not Stop Keep away from Go away Don t enter here Watch out Look out Be careful when Be quiet Come here You may not You ll be fined 200 yuan Don t smoke here Be careful Don t slip 2 义务和责任 Obligation You must You should never You ll be You ll have to You ll need to 话题词句话题词句 高清课堂 直接引语和间接引语 高清课堂 直接引语和间接引语 P1 Let s examine how body communicates from head to toe HEAD 学海无涯 学海无涯 拓展阅读拓展阅读 The differences in gifts culture between Chinese and the western We can learn more about the knowledge of the culture of others and improve our ability of communication As we all know different countries have different culture Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another It is inevitable that the cultural difference has impact on business For example when a company is having meeting the word table they mention in American English means to put something on the agenda but in British English it means to put something off the agenda This example indicated how the culture affects the business 学海无涯 There are four cultural dimensions that were defined in Hofstede s research power distance uncertainty avoidance individualism and masculinity The most significant influence in cultural difference is the power distance It would condition the extent to which employees accept that their boss has more power that have and the extent to which they accept that their boss s opinions and decisions are right because he or she is the boss Among most oriental corporate cultures there is hierachism reasons great centralization sometimes called power oriented culture due to the historical reasons That is a high power distance culture that mangers make the decision and superious appeal to be entitled more privileges Their decision always close supervision positively evaluated by subordinates In this situation it is not be regarded if subordinates have a disagreement with their managers In the oriental power distance is also associated with the family culture In this kind of corporate culture the manager is like the caring father who knows better than his subordinates what should be done and what is suitable for them The subordinates always esteem the manager because of the manager s age and experience That is usually how employees get their promotion There are both positive and negative parts in the family cultures But sometime it is hard to get young creative employees work well because of the hierarchy Family culture at their least effective drain the energies and loyalties of subordinates to buoy up the leader So in family culture the power distance can be viewed as the subordinates respect the superiors During cross culture negotiation the course is the crucial obstruction Different negotiation ways are produced by different cultures Under the circumstances there is a classic standpoint of procedures exploring with no objective task oriented persuading period and sign contract International managers should be aware of every procedure And during each procedure the strategy technique substance time sequence and the focal point are different 写作运用写作运用 如何通过阅读来提高写作能力如何通过阅读来提高写作能力 语言是信息的载体 语言考试实质上考查的是信息交流的能力 而信息交流是双向的 一方 面是表达 包括说和写 一方面是理解 包括听和读 在语言学习中 这四种能力相互牵制 缺一不可 过分强调或忽略某一方都不利于语言学习 其中 写作是难度最高也最复杂的一 种 相应的 在高考 论坛 试卷之中 书面表达和其他题型相比 缺乏明显的规律 从而具 有非常强的区分度 很多同学有提高写作水平的要求 但是苦于找不到合适的方法 在进行 了不少的练笔之后 仍然觉得自己始终在低水平上徘徊不定 停滞不前 其实 通往目标的途径有很多种 我们不妨换一个角度看问题 经典教材 新概念 的前言 中有一句话 Nothing should be written before it has been read 道出了阅读和写作之间的必然 联系 故本文试图独辟蹊径 分词汇 句型 语法和结构四个层次行文 从阅读的角度来看 问题 在历年阅读真题中寻找例句 加以改写从而直接应用到 2005 年全国高考卷书面表达 的写作中 展现给同学们另外一种培养写作能力的道路 通过阅读来提高写作 附 2005 年全国二卷写作真题如下 假设你是李华 最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区 以下是你 所在班级讨论的情况 请你给该报写一封信 反映讨论结果 学海无涯 赞成迁出 1 游客多 交通堵塞 2 郊区环境好 反对迁出 1 建于 1906 年 中外闻名 2 搬迁易造成动物死亡 词汇 词汇包括单词和词组 是构建起语言大厦的砖石 是一切语言知识和语言技能的基础和 前提 词汇的问题解决了 语言的问题就解决了一大半 一篇文章的好坏 在很大程度上是 取决于语言的质量 而衡量这一点首先是看作者对于同一种意思有多少不同的表达 高分的 文章往往很重视措词的多样性 绝大部分同学在考场上处理书面表达题目时 首先就是用中 文构思列出提纲 然后将要表达的意思转换成英语 论坛 写出来 这种做法没有任何问题 但是苦于在用英文表达的时候 语言不够优美不够地道 词汇就是其中的一个主要的瓶颈 无论是在质和量上都不能够令人满意 通过调查高考答卷后发现 本来应该丰富多彩的表达 变得千篇一律 千人一面 例如 增加 减少这对儿经常出现的概念 很多同学冥思苦想之 后 脑海中浮现的不过就是 increase decrease 这两个词 其他的就再也想不出来了 其实 如果在做阅读时留心就会发现 这样的表达举目皆是 尤其是高考阅读的真题 例如 this figure shoots up 2001 年全国卷 a huge drop in the number 2002 年春季卷 再比如 很多同 学在表达某种状态持续的时候 从来都是不假思索地写出 be still 但是如果在我们阅 读的时候多留心 就会发现有 remain keep 这种看上去很简单 但是表达效果很好的词 类 似的例子俯仰皆是 以下就连词和动词试举几例 连词 没有线 再好的珍珠也连不起来 同样 如果没有连词 再好的词语也连不起来 英语 中连词的重要性是毋庸置疑的 很多同学的作文不够流畅 会给人一种滞塞感 很大程度上 就是因为缺少必要的连词 但不少意识到这一点的同学却只会使用 and but so 之类最常见 的简单连词 殊不知在阅读真题的语篇中充满了种类丰富多样的连词 例如表示转折的 however yet though unfortunately in stead of 表示因果的 as a result therefore hence thus 表示并列的 together with meanwhile at the same time 等等 只要在阅读的时候留心 就会有 很多高级的表达可以积累下来应用到写作过程中 动词 一个真正意义上完整的句子是不能没有谓语的 而谓语多由动词来充当 动词是一门语 言中最富有特色的词性 各种语言中的动词都有着丰富的变化 是语言学习中的重点和难点 不过如何精确把握动词从而在写作中熟练运用 写出 Beijing Zoo built in 1906 enjoys a 学海无涯 famous history of 100 years 这种优美的句子呢 阅读就是一个好方法