Module4 GRAMMAR Carnival 1 我已经修好了电脑 2 我们打败了敌人 3 麦克打破了窗户 4 你不能把书带出阅览室 5 所有人都嘲笑他 6 我们必须马上完成这项工作 7 20世纪60年代 人们在戈壁滩上发现了恐龙蛋 8 Vivian锁上了门 Whowrotethisbook Thisbook byCaoXueqin waswritten CaoXueqinwrotethisbook Whatisthemandoing Heisfeedingadog Adog byhim isbeingfed Waitamoment Mymotheriscookinglunch Peoplewerehuntingthewolfeverywherelastyear Waitamoment Lunchisbeingcookedbymymother Thewolfwasbeinghuntedeverywherelastyear Veniceisvisitedbytouristsfromallovertheworld Manyofthecarnivalmasksaremadebytrainedartists Partiesweregivenbyrichpeopleeverydayforamonth CarnivalwastakentoSouthAmericabythePortugueseandtheSpanish TheNottingHillCarnivalwascreatedbytheWestIndiancommunityinLondon 6 Carnivalisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopletoday 7 Thissongwillbetaughtontheradio 8 Thebookshavebeenreturnedtothelibrary 9 Theworkhadbeenfinishedbeforetheywenthome 10 Treesarebeingplantedatthismoment 11 Windowswerebeingcleanedatthattime 被动语态的构成 由助动词be 及物动词的过去分词 V ed 构成 助动词be有人称 数和时态的变化 英语语态 语态是动词的一种形式 表示主语和动词之间的关系 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者 而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式 一般说来 只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态 A一般现在时被动am is are done B一般过去时被动was were done D现在进行时被动am is are beingdone F现在完成时被动have has beendone C一般将来时被动will begoingto bedone H含情态动词被动情态动词 bedone E现在进行时被动was were beingdone G现在完成时被动had beendone 被动语态的使用要点 不及物动词不能用于被动语态 及物动词才有被动语态 如happen takeplace appear arrive die fall last occur remain succeed start等没有被动语态 例如 Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmyhometown Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown 2 表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态英语中 有些动词 短语动词 不是表示动作 而是表示某种状态或情况 如 拥有 容纳 适合 明白 等意 这类词不能用于被动语态 常见的有 lack mean hold have become last cost consistof looklike等 如 Thenewstadiumcanbeheld5 000people Thenewstadiumcanhold5 000people 3 主动形式表示被动意义的词 1 某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义 常见的有 look smell taste feel prove wear sound等 如 Yourideasoundsgreat 2 某些行为动词后加副词 有些可不加副词 也可以表示被动意义 常见的有 wash write sell read handle keep pay等 如 Themeatcutseasily Theshoeswearwell 3 want deserve need require worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义 Thepointdeservesmentioning 4 在主动语态中 若动词为make let see hear watch notice时 后接不带to的动词不定式 但是变被动语态时 必须把省掉的to带上 例如 Youshouldmakehimdealwiththisproblemcarefully Heshouldbemadetodealwiththisproblemcarefully makesb dosth havesb dosth letsb dosth seesb dosth hearsb dosth watchsb dosth noticesb dosth sb bemadetodosth sb behadtodosth sb belettodosth sb beseentodosth sb behearttodosth sb bewatchedtodosth sb benoticedtodosth 5 某些表语形容词后 常用不定式的主动表被动 Thequestionisdifficulttounderstand 6 当不定式作定语 与前面的名词或代词有动宾关系时 用不定式的主动表被动 Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting Completethepassageusingthecorrectformoftheverbs 1 wereheld 2 celebrated 3 wasdecided 4 wanted 5 wasfollowed 6 wasdiscovered 7 brought 8 wereadded 9 hasbecome 10 iscelebrated 11 isknown 12 climbs 13 flies 14 iswatched 15 arefired 1 Jackson toworkinagovernmentofficethoughhehatedservingthere A hadwantedB wantedC waswantedD waswanting C 2 Didyouenjoylastnight sconcert Yes thoughthelastpiece ratherpoorly A playedB wasplayedC wasplayingD playing B 3 Comeandsitdownbythefire Youhands A feelsocoldB isfeltsocoldC fellsocoldlyD feltsocold A 4 Greatchanges inourcityandsomeschools duringthepast20years A havetakenplace havesetupB weretakeplace weresetupC havebeentakenplace havebeensetupD havetakenplace havebeensetup D 5 Thethief whileclimbingthegardenwall A hascaughtB wascaughtC hadbeencaughtD hasbeencaught B 6 Insomepartsoftheworld tea withmilkandsugar A isservedB isservingC serversD served A Rewritethesentencesinthepassivevoice 1 TouristsfromallovertheworldvisitVenice Veniceisvisitedbytouristsfromallovertheworld 2 Trainedartistsmakemanyofthecarnivalmasks Manyofthecarnivalmasksaremadebytrainedartists 3 Richpeoplegavepartieseverydayforamonth Partiesweregiveneverydayforamonth byrichpeople 4 ThePortugueseandtheSpanishtookcarnivaltoSouthAmerica CarnivalwastakentoSouthAmericabythePortugueseandtheSpanish 5 InLondontheWestIndiancommunitycreatedtheNottingHillCarnival TheNottingHillCarnivalwascreatedbytheWestIndiacommunityinLondon 6 Todaymillionsofpeopleenjoycarnival Carnivalisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopletoday 高考链接 Thechurchtowerwhich willbeopentotouristssoon Theworkisalmostfinished 2010上海 A hasrestoredB hasbeenrestoredC isrestoringD isbeingrestored D EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney makingjobsthey beforeleavingtheirhometowns 2010福建 A promisedB werepromisedC havepromisedD havebeenpromised D Thiscoastalarea anationalwildlifereservelastyear 2010湖南 A wasnamedB namedC isnamedD names A TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting atthecultureshowofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo 2010天津 A areexhibitingB isexhibitingC arebeingexhibitedD isbeingexhibited C InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS the r soundsattheendofthewords 2010北京 A aredroppedB dropC arebeingdroppedD havedropped A