时文阅读|鲨鱼的未来生存还是灭亡众所周知，鲨鱼是海洋世界的霸主，对维持海洋的生态平衡起着至关重要的作用。而一项新的研究发现，大白鲨和鲸鲨将在下个世纪成为濒临灭绝的鲨鱼物种。这再次提醒我们，物种灭绝速度加快的背后，人类活动该怎样加以节制，才能在最大程度上减少对自然的干预阅读短文并回答问题Great whites and whale sharks are among the species at risk of extinction over the next century, a new study has found. Pimiento is the lead author of a study published in Science Advances that looks at how the extinction of large marine（海洋的）species would impact the ecological roles of ocean ecosystems. “The extinction crisis challenges scientists to better measure biodiversity: how will the total variety of life on Earth be affected as human activities lead to the losses of more and more species?” they said. In the oceans, the biggest animals are thought to play crucial ecological roles, and are also facing high levels of threat from human activities such as fisheries and climate change.The team was looking to move beyond traditional species extinctions, to find out more about the functional diversity, the range of roles that these species perform, and how biodiversity might respond under different extinction scenarios（预测）. They ran two different extinction scenarios. In one, researchers looked at extinction probability based on their current IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) status. In the second, they assumed all species listed as threatened, around 40 percent, had gone extinct.Sharks were found to be one of the worst affected groups. “We already knew that sharks are one of the most threatened groups in the ocean,” they said. “They are also very vulnerable due to their large size and low reproductive rate. Our results show that future extinctions would be selective against the most functionally unique and specialized shark species, resulting in greater projected losses.” They also said the biggest threats to marine megafauna（大型哺乳动物群）are fishing, either through accidentally getting caught up or directly targeted, and climate change. Mitigating these threats could be the best way to protect these species. The good news is that the study identifies key species that can be targeted and protected. Sometimes ocean conservation can be a triage game. The science helps us know which species really need our help and which species we really cannot afford to lose。1. What is Pimientos study about?A. The possible threats of large marine animals.B. The main cause of the extinction crisis in the sea. C. The ecological role of large animals in the ocean.D. The best way of balancing biodiversity with human acts.2. How did the team conduct its research?A. By checking current data.B. By predicting extinction rates.C. By measuring marine biodiversity.D. By analyzing traditional experiments.3. What does the studys result show?A. The risk of sharks reproducing in the ocean. B. The solution to animals protection in the sea.C. The influence of sharks extinction on the ocean. D. The reason for sharks being hit hardest in the sea. 4. What is the authors attitude towards the study?A. Indifferent.B. Positive.C. Skeptical.D. Negative.【参考答案】CBDB单词学习1. ecosystem n. 生态系统 the forest ecosystem 森林生态系统2. mitigate v. 减轻；缓和 action to mitigate poverty 减轻贫穷的行动3. triage n. 伤员鉴别分类 长难句分析Pimiento is the lead author of a study published in Science Advances that looks at how the extinction of large marine species would impact the ecological roles of ocean ecosystems.【分析】句子主干为“Pimiento is the author”；“published in Science Advances”为后置定语，修饰“a study”；“that looks at how theroles of ocean ecosystems”为定语从句，修饰先行词“a study”；其中“how the extinctionocean ecosystems”为介词“at”的宾语从句。【翻译】作为主要作者，Pimiento在科学进展发表了一项研究，该研究对大型海洋物种的灭绝在海洋生态系统的生态作用方面所造成的影响进行了阐述。 知识拓展1. Science Advances 科学进展，是科学杂志旗下的子刊。科学杂志是美国科学促进会出版的一份学术期刊，为全世界最权威的学术期刊之一。2. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 国际自然保护联盟，是世界上规模最大、历史最悠久的全球性非营利环保机构，也是自然环境保护与可持续发展领域唯一作为联合国大会永久观察员的国际组织。