非谓语动词讲解 NonfiniteVerbs 非谓语动词 动名词 分词 现在分词 过去分词 动词不定式 1 谓语动词 概述 2 非谓语动词 在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式 在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 一个句子当中 已经存在一个主句 谓语动词 又没有连词的情况下 还有别的动词出现时 非谓语动词使用条件 Shegotoffthebus leavingherhandbagonherseat Shegotoffthebus butleftherhandbagonherseat 1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools 表语 2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere 宾语补足语 3Weneedtobeactiveinclass 宾语 谓语 宾语 主语 定语 连系动词 划分句子成分 非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语等 4 Toseeyouisglad It sgladtoseeyou 5 Iwanttoseeyou 6 Iwanthimtoseeyou 7 Myhopeistoseeyou 8 Heisthemantoseeyou 9 I mgladtoseeyou 10 Iwenttoseeyou 11 Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou 作主语 作宾语 作宾补 作表语 作定语 作原因状语 作目的状语 作结果状语 12 Swimmingishisfavouritesport 13 Heenjoysswimming 14 Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver 15 Hisfavouritesportisswimming 16 Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow 17 SwimminginSummer wecangetcool 作主语 作宾语 作宾补 作表语 作状语 作定语 动词不定式 TheInfinitive 一 动词不定式的基本构成 由不定式符号to加动词原形构成 其否定式由not 不定式构成 肯定式 todosth否定式 nottodosth 被动式 tobedone完成式 tohavedone 二 动词不定式的句法作用法 动词不定式有副词 形容词和名词的特征 因此在句中可作主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语定语 状语等成份 动词不定式 Todothatsortofthingisfoolish Iwanttoseeyouthisevening Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly Wefoundahousetolivein ShecameheretostudyEnglish Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补 1 作主语 不定式做主语时 可以直接放在谓语动词之前 Toseeistobelieve Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault 注 常用it做形式主语 将todo放在位于之后 使句子保持平衡 句型1 It 谓语 todo Ittakesusanhour gettherebybus 句型2 It s n todo It sourduty helpthepoor Itisagreatenjoyment spendourholidayinthemountains 句型3 Itisadj for ofsb todosth Itis adj forsbtodosthItis adj ofsbtodosth 是形容人的品质的 是形容事物的性质的 Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp It simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat 常见动词有 2 作宾语 Iwanttoknowthismatter like demand expect promise begin determine refuse offer fail manage learn seem intend prefer forget mean prepare pretend continue start afford hate等 Idon texpecttomeetyouhere 1 接不定式做宾语 1 Theywanted get onthebus didn tthey 2 Hesaidhewished be aprofessor 3 Iagreed go therewiththedoctor 4 Mydaughterpreferred dance whenshewasinhertwenties 5 Hehadpromised give meahand B 常跟疑问词 不定式作宾语的动词 tell advise show teach findout decide discuss learn explain know show discover see understand Hetaughtushowtousethetool Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook Ihopeyou lladvisemewhattodo Idon tknowhowtogetthere Ihaven tdecidedwhethertogoorstay beginstartcontinue tododoing 注意下列动词 likelovehatepreferlearn tododoing rememberforgetregret tododoing trymeanstopgoon tododoing 1 Boys don tforget thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom A closingB closedC toclosingD toclose2 Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped onabigrock A tohaverestedB restingC torestD rest4 Remember thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice A toturnoffB turningoffC turnoffD toturningoff 3 作宾语补足语 与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系 1 Mothertoldme comebackbefore10o clock 2 I llgetsomeone repairtherecorderforyou 3 Whatcausedhim changehismind 4 Iwishyou comeassoonaspossible 5 Heaskedme dotheworkwithhim adviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest sb todo seewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice sb dodoingdone makelethave sb be seenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed todo madelet 2 Ioftenhearthem sing thissong Didyounoticeanyone come in Iwouldhavehim wait formeforalongtime Lookatthehorsejump 注意 当这类动词转为被动语态时 其后的不定式则要加上 to 如 Heisoftenheard thesong Hewasseen theroom tosing toenter 4 it作形式宾语 Ifind feeltoworkwithhiminteresting Ifind feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim 注意 不定式短语作宾语时 如果还带有宾语补足语 往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后 而用it作形式宾语 Subject find think feel make consider it adj n todosth 1 Wethought better startearly 2 Doyouconsider betternot go 3 Ifeel myduty changeallthat 4 Wethink important obeythelaw 5 Iknow impossible finishsomuchhomeworkinaday 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 使句子完整 正确 1 Letme help you water theflowers 2 LittleSandywouldlove take tothecinemathisevening 3 Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate cry todayhewasmade cry byhisdeskmate 4 Isawhim intothesmallstore A wentB goingC togoD hasgone5 Telltheboy outofthewindow nottolookB tonotlookC don tlookD notlook help to water totake cry tocry 5 Ihavesomethingtotellyou 不定式作定语 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday 区别主被动 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom 不定式为不及物动词时 须加介词Heislookingforaroomtolivein 1 Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall A toliveinB tobelivedinC toliveD forlivingin2 Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife A tocutthefruitwithB tocutthefruitC cuttingthefruitD cuttingthefruitwith3 Ihavesomethingimportanttosay pleasefindapieceofpaper 写上 4 Excuseme couldIuseyourpenforamoment Ihavenopen 写 towriteon towritewith 动词不定式做定语 注意 如果不定式是不及物的 它后面就应有必要的介词 如 Heislookingforaroomtolivein Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith 5 作状语 表示目的 原因 结果或条件 Icameheretoseeyou Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere Tolookathim youwouldlikehim 目的 原因 结果 条件 动名词 gerund 一 动名词的基本构成