Unit 1 Wise men in historyDate:_ name:_【语法专项】1、 反意疑问句(一)含义及构成： 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，它表示提问的人对陈述的事实没有把握，需要对方证实反意疑问句由两部分构成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句。前后两部分在人称、数、时态等方面必须保持一致，如：She often has lunch at school, doesnt she?You dont like sports, do you?(二)使用反意疑问句时要遵循以下三条原则：1、“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”，如：They are very late for the meeting, arent they?You cant do it, can you?2、前后两句主语保持一致，如：3、前后两句时态保持一致，问句部分的助动词要由陈述句部分的谓语动词决定，如：They will go to town soon, wont they?（不能用dont they?或 arent they?）He works very hard, doesnt he?（不能用didnt he?或wont he?）(三)反意疑问句的答语：回答遵循一个原则，那就是不管怎么提问，只要事实是肯定的，就用“Yes，肯定回答”；只要事实是否定的，就用“No，否定回答”。但在前否后肯的反意疑问句中，其答语与汉语翻译不同，Yes要翻译成“不”，No要翻译成“是”。You will never forget him, will you? 你永远不会忘记他，是吗?Yes，I will. 不，我会忘记。No，I wont. 是的，我不会忘记。(4) 反意疑问句的特殊用法：1、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am时，问句部分习惯上用arent I？表示。如：I am a veryhonest man, arent I?2、陈述部分的主语为somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)等表示人的复合不定代词时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如：Someone has taken the seat, hasnt he/ havent they?3、 陈述部分的主语为something, anything, nothing, everything等表示物的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用it。如：Something is wrong with the computer, isnt it? 4、当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this，that或these，those时，附加疑问句的主语分别用it或they，例如：This/That is a plane, isnt it? 这是一架飞机，是吗？These/Those are grapes, arent they? 这些是葡萄，是吗？5、陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时，问句部分用动词+there(here)?如：There are two cakes on the plate, arent there?Here is a story about Mark Twain, isnt here?6、陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等表示否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定形式。如：She never tells a lie, does she?（不用doesnt she?）7、如果陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-等否定意义的前缀或后缀时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分仍然用否定形式。如：Your father is unhappy, isnt he?（不能用is he?）8、当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，视情况而定。(1)当must 作“一定要；必须”讲，反意疑问句须用mustnt或neednt；He must work hard at physics, mustnt he?(2)当must表示推测时，问句部分需根据must后的动词形式决定。如：Tom must be at home, isnt he? You must have got up late this morning, didnt you?You must have made a mistake, havent you?9、陈述部分含used to 时，问句部分用didnt或usedntHe used to live in the country, didnt he?/usednt he?10、陈述部分含had better 时，问句部分用hadnt +主语？Youd better tell him about the matter, hadnt you?11、当陈述部分为含有宾语从句的复合句时(1)若陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分主句的动词和主语保持一致。如：They all think that English is very important, dont they? （不用isnt it?）He didnt think that the news was true, did he? （不用wasnt/ was it?）(2)若陈述部分为I(We) dont think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：I dont think that you can do it, can you? （不用do I?）We dont believe that the news is true, is it? （不用do we?）12、若陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分主句的动词和主语保持一致。如：They said that you had finished your work, didnt they? （不用hadnt you）Kate told you that she would go there, didnt she? （不用wouldnt she?）13、当陈述部分为祈使句时(1)不管是肯定还是否定，问句一般用“will you?”，陈述部分是肯定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you形式表示请求，用wont you形式表示委婉请求或邀请；陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?如：Please open the window, will you?(wont you?)Dont make any noise, will you?(2)陈述部分为Let us时，问句部分习惯上用will you? 陈述部分为Lets时，问句部分习惯上用shall we?如：Let us stop to rest, will you?Lets go home together, shall we?(3)陈述部分为Let me时，问句部分习惯上用shall I? 或will you?形式。如：Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?)二、句子种类句子种类结构图 ： 肯定句 eg: I like going hiking. 陈述句 （陈述一件事） 否定句 eg: I cant swim. 一般疑问句: 以be动词、情态动词、助动词do/does/did开头 特殊疑问句：以what/how/why/when/where/which.等开头 疑问句 选择疑问句( .or .)：提供选择供对方选句子 （发问） 反意疑问句：“陈述部分+反问部分？” do型：动原开头 Take a seat, please. 肯定祈使句 Let型：let 开头 Lets go ！ 祈使句 Dont 型: Dont 开头 Dont leave me alone. （表请求、命令等） 否定祈使句 No型：No开头 No kidding ! 名词单数：What a bad man he is ! 感叹名词用what 不可数名词：What great fun we had ! 名词复数：What nice cars they are! 感叹句 形容词：How beautiful she is! 感叹形副动用how 副词：How beautifully she dances.【即学即练】1. We do morning exercises in the morning, _? A. do we B. did we C. didnt we D. dont we2. She doesnt care for a car, _? A. is she B. does she C. doesnt she D. did she3. She has a brother, _? A. doesnt she B. has she C. dont she D. does she4. She will have lunch at school, _? A. doesnt she B. wont she C. is she D. will she5. He was late for school that morning, _? A. wasnt he B. was he C. did he D. didnt he6. His sister had a bad cough, _ she? A. wasnt B. doesnt