学术英语社科 AcademicEnglishforSocialSciences 8 HardPower SoftPower SmartPowerPeopleoftenassociatepowerofanationwithmilitarymightoreconomicstrength Istheresomethingmoretotheconceptofpower Theanswerisintheaffirmative atleasttosomewhostudypoliticalscience Thisunitexploresthecomplexnatureofpowerandhowitimpactsinternationalrelations Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower UnitContents TextA TextB Listening Speaking Lead in Writing TextC Lead in Lead intask Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower Lead in TaskWorkingroupsof3 4 Readthedefinitionofthefollowingexpression Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower carrotandstick carrotorstick anidiomaboutpower figuratively 比喻地 usedtorefertoapolicyofofferingacombinationofrewardsandpunishmenttoinducebehaviorBrainstormandwritedownwhatyouassociatewithpower Example Powerismoney Powerislikethesun Poweris like NowreadTextAtoseehowtheauthorsdescribepower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingDifficultsentencesEnglishlanguageforacademicpurpose SpecializedvocabularyCollocationsSignpostlanguageFormalEnglish Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysisInTextAtheauthorsexplainthecomplexnatureofpowerfromtheperspectiveofpoliticalscience Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis Definitionofpower Poweristhetermusedtorepresentthesumofacountry scapabilities Para 2 Formsofpower 1 tangiblepower militarymuscle wealth etc 2 intangiblepower nationalwillpower diplomaticskills etc Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis Characteristicsofpower 1 Assetvs goal1 Powerisanassetthatcanbeappliedtohelpcountriesachievegoals Analogybetweenpowerandmoney Powerisakintomoney Moneybuysthings powercausesthingstohappen Powerislessliquidthanmoney Powerhasnostandardmeasurement Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis Analogybetweenmoneyandpower Weallexpendmoneyasanasset Wealsoseektoacquiremoneyandtobuildupareserveagainstbothanticipatedneedsandcontingencies Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower 2 Powerisalsoagoalascountriesseek acquire orpreservesufficientpowertopursuetheirnationalgoals TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis Debate Thedualityofpowerasanassetandagoalcreatesadebateoverwhethermoreisalwaysbetter 1 somepeople sview Countriescanbecomefixatedonacquiringpower esp militarypower 2 critics view Itisunwisebecausepowerisexpensive Itspawnsinsecurityinothers 3 realists view Therealdangerisunwiseuseofthepoweryouhavebywastingitonmarginalgoals Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis 2 Hardpowervs softpower1 HardpowerDefinition theabilitytomakesomeoneelsedosomethingorsuffertheconsequencesCharacteristics negativeincentives threats sticks positiveincentives inducement carrots Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis 2 Hardpowervs softpower2 SoftpowerDefinition theabilitytopersuadeotherstofollowyourleadbybeinganattractiveexample Debate Whichoneismoredesirable Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA View1 HardpowerismoredesirableReasons Hardpoweriseasiertoappreciateasitiseasiertoseethatcertaincoercivemeasuresorpositiveincentiveshavebeenusedandtoobservetheresult Countriesfollowothercountries leadbecausetheysharethesameinterests notbecauseofaltruisticsentimentssuchasadmiration View2 Softpowercanbepotentpoint Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA Difficultsentences Becausepowercouldberegardedbothasanassetandasagoal thistwofacetsofitcausepeopletoargueifmoreisalwaysbetter Thedualityofpowerasanassetandagoalcreatesadebateoverwhethermoreisalwaysbetter Para 5 Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA Difficultsentences Somepeoplebelievethatcountriescanbecomefixatedonacquiringpower especiallymilitarypower beyondwhatisprudentlyneededtomeetpossibleexigencies Para 5 Somepeoplebelievethatcountriescouldbecomesoobsessedwithpower especiallymilitarypower thattheyembarkonaninfinitejourneytoacquirepowerthatismorethanexigencieswouldrequire Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA Difficultsentences PresidentBush whoin2002professedhis respect for thevalues judgment andinterestsofourfriendsandpartners butwhoalsoasserted Wewillbepreparedtoactapart ifnecessaryand willnotallow disagreements withallies toobscureourdeterminationtosecure ourfundamentalinterestsandvalues Para 9 In2002 PresidentBushdeclaredthatherespectedthevalues judgment andinterestsoftheirfriendsandpartners buthebelievedthatAmericanswouldnotallowtheiralliestopreventAmericansfromprotectingtheirowninterestsandvalues Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA Groupdiscussion Formgroupsof4 5andhaveadiscussionaboutthesoftpowerthefollowingcountrieshave 1 theU S 2 TheU K 3 China Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower Specializedvocabulary TextA Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose Definethefollowingtermsbalanceofpowersoftpowerpowercapacityhardpowerrealistsrealpolitikcoercivediplomacynat