中国传统文化与教育理念 中国人民大学校长纪宝成 TraditionalChineseCultureanditsEducationalPhilosophy JiBaochengPresident RenminUniversityofChina 1 文化是人类精神活动及其产品的总称 它体现为各个民族整体生活方式及其价值体系 Cultureisageneraltermwhichreferstothementalactivitiesofhumanbeingsandtheirrelatedproducts Culturereflectsthelifestyleofvariousethnicgroupsanditsvaluejudgment 2 紫禁城颐和园长城 天坛 天圆 地坛 地方 TempleofHeaven skyround TempleofEarth earthsquare ForbiddenCitySummerPalaceGreatWall 3 悠久丰富的中华饮食文化 Generallyspeaking therearefourcategoriesofChinesecuisines Theyare HuaiyangCuisine ShangdongCuisine CantoneseCuisine andSichuanCuisine 4 中秋 端午 清明 春节 中华传统节日 Inthesameway thetraditionalChinesefestivalsalsoreflectthethoughtofharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumanbeingsandnature 5 黄河鸟瞰 黄河壶口瀑布 黄河流域水源丰沛 中下游土地肥沃 适合耕种 中华民族很早就进入了农耕社会 ThedrainageareasalongtheYellowRiverhadabundantwaterresourcesandthemiddleandlowerpartareasalongtheriverexistedfertilearablelandsandwasmostsuitableforfarming soitwasnaturalthattheChinesehadpropelledintoanagriculturalsocietyataveryearlytime TheYellowRiver TheYellowRiver 6 一 中国传统文化中的思想精华 以人为本的思想 以人为本 重人伦 重道德 是中国传统文化的一个特点 肯定天地之间人为贵 人为万物之灵 这是中国传统文化的基调 PartOne PhilosophicalessenceintraditionalChineseculture TheThoughtofPuttingPeopleFirst Givingfirstconcernandprioritytohumanbeings attachinggreaterimportancetoethicalvalues andpayingmoreattentiontomoralstandardsarethecharacteristicsoftraditionalChineseculture ThefundamentalsoftraditionalChineseculturearetoaffirmthathumanbeingsarethemostimportantbetweenheavenandearth andthathumanbeingsshouldbegiventhehigheststatusamongallthelivingcreatures 7 仁的思想是中国古代治理国家的根本思想 并以此为核心形成了一整套伦理 价值观念 这些观念可以用 仁 义 礼 智 信 五个字来概括 TheThoughtofRen Benevolence BenevolenceisthefundamentalthoughtinrunningacountryinancientChina Acompletesystemofethicsandvaluejudgmentshavebeenevolvedwithbenevolenceasitscore Theseethicsandvaluejudgmentscanbebestsummarizedwiththefollowingfivewords Benevolence Righteousness justice Rites rituals courtesy Wisdom andFaith 8 持中贵和 崇尚中庸 追求和谐 只有 和 万物才能得以生长 天下才能太平 国家才能兴旺 个人才能幸福 TheThoughtofHarmony Upholdthemiddlecourseandtreasuretheharmonyistheessenceofthethoughtofharmony Onlywhenthereisharmonycancropsgrow Onlywhenthereisharmonycantheworldbeinapeacefulstate Onlywhenthereisharmonycanthecountrybecomeprosperous Onlywhenthereisharmonycanapersonattainhappiness 9 修身 齐家 治国 平天下 在长期人与自然的和谐相处的过程中 中华文明积淀了深邃的文化脉络 在儒家经典 礼记 中 提倡的修身 齐家 治国 平天下就是这种文化脉络的集中体现 人生理想 TheIdealsinLife Cultivatingone spersonallife regulatingone sfamily bringingordertoone scountry andbringingaboutpeaceandequalitytotheworld Duringthelongprocessofharmoniouscoexistencebetweennatureandhumanbeings theChinesecivilizationhasformulatedprofoundsequencesofculturalthoughts 10 天行健 君子以自强不息 的奋斗精神 主张充分发挥人的主观能动性 要有一种奋斗拚搏精神 积极向上精神 TheSpiritofMakingUnceasingEffortstoImproveOneself Itissaidinthe BookofChange that Heavenmovescontinuously likewise thesuperiorpersonshouldmakeunceasingeffortstoimprovehimself herself Itisadvocatedinthebookthateachpersonshouldhavetheopportunitytogivefullplaytohis herinitiatives andthateachpersonshouldpossessanactivededicationspiritandloftyideals 11 大学之道 在明明德 在亲民 在止于至善 二 中国传统文化中有关教育的思想和理念 PartTwo EducationalThoughtandIdeasContainedinTraditionalChineseCulture ItiselucidatedinoneoftheConfucianclassics the GreatLearning that greatlearningistoillustrateillustriousvirtues 12 论语 中提出 要 志于道 据于德 依于仁 游于艺 二 中国传统文化中有关教育的思想和理念 PartTwo EducationalThoughtandIdeasContainedinTraditionalChineseCulture The ConfuciusAnalects Proposespeopleto settheirheartonthetruth holdtovirtues leanuponhumanheartedness andseekrelaxationandenjoymentinthelearningandpracticeofthesixarts 13 有教无类 二 中国传统文化中有关教育的思想和理念 PartTwo EducationalThoughtandIdeasContainedinTraditionalChineseCulture EqualOpportunityinEducationforPeoplefromAllWalksofLife 14 因材施教 二 中国传统文化中有关教育的思想和理念 PartTwo EducationalThoughtandIdeasContainedinTraditionalChineseCulture Teachstudentsaccordingtotheiraptitude 15 君子和而不同 小人同而不和 二 中国传统文化中有关教育的思想和理念 PartTwo EducationalThoughtandIdeasContainedinTraditionalChineseCulture TheThoughtof TheTrueGentlemanisConciliatorybutnotBlind accommodating WhilePettyMenareBlindlyaccommodatingbutnotConciliatory andtheThoughtofHarmonywithDifferences 16 君子不器 二 中国传统文化中有关教育的思想和理念 PartTwo EducationalThoughtandIdeasContainedinTraditionalChineseCulture TheSuperiorManisnotLikeaUtensil WhichonlyHasOneSpecificUsage 17 学而不思则罔 思而不学则殆 学而时习之 不亦乐乎 温故而知新 二 中国传统文化中有关教育的思想和理念 PartTwo EducationalThoughtandIdeasContainedinTraditionalChineseCulture Hewholearnswithoutthinkingislost Hewhothinkswithoutlearningremainspuzzled Isitnotpleasanttolearntoreviewconstantlywhatonehaslearned revivetheoldknowledgewouldbringinnewenlightenment 18 学而不厌 诲人不倦 二 中国传统文化中有关教育的思想和理念 PartTwo EducationalThoughtandIdeasContainedinTraditionalChineseCulture ToLearnwithoutsatietyandtoinstructotherswithoutweariness 19 知之为知之 不知为不知 是知也 二 中国传统文化中有关教育的思想和理念 PartTwo EducationalThoughtandIdeasContainedinTraditionalChineseCulture Whenyounowathingsaythatyouknowit whenyoudonotknowathing admitthatyoudonotknowit Thisiswisdom 20 后生可畏 二 中国传统文化中有关教育的思想和理念 PartTwo EducationalTho