GrammarThePassiveVoice 语态 voice 是个语法范畴 它是一种动词形式 表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系 当主语是动作的执行者时 动词用主动语态 ActiveVoice 如果主语是动作的承受者 动词便用被动语态 PassiveVoice Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday 昨天我们打扫了教室 Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday 昨天教室被我们打扫了 一 被动语态的定义 二 被动语态的一般结构 即 be done by be 及物动词的过去分词 HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare 哈姆雷特 是莎士比亚写的 Thetaskhasbeenfinished 任务已经完成了 WespeakEnglish 主语 谓语 宾语 Englishisspokenbyus 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 am is aredone一般过去时 was weredone现在进行时 am is arebeingdone过去进行时 was werebeingdone现在完成时 have hasbeendone过去完成时 hadbeendone一般将来时 shall willbedone begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时 句子结构为can must haveto bedone Heisregardedasabrilliantscientist 他被认为是一位才华横溢的科学家 Thisbookwaswrittenin1969 这本书是1969年写成的 Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理 Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡 Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears 这支钢笔已经用了几年 Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened 他说这家工厂已经开张 Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours 工作将于三小时后完成 Thebabymustbelookedafterwell 这孩子必须被好好照顾 三 各种时态的被动语态 PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld 世界各地都有人讲英语 Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld 1 含有单宾语的句子转换 四 主动变被动中的几个问题 2 含有双宾语的句子转换 多将间接宾语改为主语 IgavethebooktoMr Smithyesterday 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书 ThebookwasgiventoMr Smithyesterday byme Mr Smithwasgivenabookyesterday byme Mymotherwillbuymeacoatnextweek 变为被动语态 1 Acoatwillbeboughtformenextweek bymymother 2 Iwillbeboughtacoatnextweek bymymother 3 当动词后有复合宾语 变被动语态时 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语即可 其它不变 Thebossfoundacooksmokinginthekitchen Acookwasfoundsmokinginthekitchen 4 get done 也可表示被动语态 此结构比较口语化 Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek Shegotmarriedlastweek Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy 大家认为他是个诚实的孩子 Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone 方法1 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语 同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语 方法2 用先行的it作形式主语 把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句 5 当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句 可转换为两种形式的被动句 练习 Weallthinkthatwecouldwinthegame wearethoughttowinthegame Itisthoughtthatwecouldwinthegame 以上即是汉语中含有 据说 据悉 据报道 有人说 大家说 等句式 Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse ItisreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS 众所周知 Itiswellknownthat 据推测说 Itissupposedthat 6 含有动词短语的句子转换 Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim 他们从不听他的话 Hehasneverbeenlistenedto 练习 Theytakegoodcareofthebaby Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem 注意 含动词词组的被动语态 须将其看作一个整体 不可把它们分隔开来 不要丢漏动词短语中的副词或介词 Hemademedothework Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim 6 主动句中动词不带to 但在被动句中带to的几种情况 练习 Weheardhimsaygood byetohisfriends Hewasheardtosaygood byetohisfriends 注意 make let have feel hear see watch等词在主动句中动词不带to 但在被动句中要带to 五 主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况 1 主语是物 谓语是表示主语特征或属性的不及物动词 常见的这类动词有write read wear wash clean sell run等 这些动词常与副词smoothly easily well badly等连用 例如 Themachinerunswell Thispenwritesquitesmoothly Thiskindofbooksellswell 2 表示主语状态特征的连系动词 look feel smell taste sound prove appear等 例如 Doyoulikethematerial Yes it feel verysoft Yourideasoundsreasonable Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect 3 不及物动词和某些短语 happen last begin stop open takeplace breakout comeabout belongto runout等 1 Worldwar brokeoutin1937 2 Theshopopensat6ameveryday 4 在need want require deserve等词后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义 也可用不定式的被动形式 Thematterwantslookinginto Thematterwantstobelookedinto 5 beworth后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义 但可用beworthytobedone或beworthyofbeingdone 1 Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering 2 Thefilmiswellworthseeing 3 Thefilmisworthytobeseen ofbeingseen 6 不定式在difficult easy hard safe good fit light等形容词之后作状语 且和句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时 用主动式表被动义 Thebookiseasytounderstand Themorningairisfreshtobreathe Thegirliseasytogetalongwith 7 不定式作后置定语 与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系 又和该句主语或宾语构成主谓关系 用主动式表被动义 Shehassomethingtosay Iwillgivehimsomethingtodrink 8 某些作表语用的不定式 强调出租 责备 解雇等 此类常用的动词有let hire blame等 AmItoblame 我该受罚吗 Thehouseistolet 这房屋出租 9 非谓语动词的被动情况 Thehousetobebuiltnextyearisourlab Thehousebeingbuiltnowisourlab Thehousebuiltlastyearisourlab beingdone tobedone donehavingbeendonetohavebeendone 高考直击 1 Anexhibitionofpaintings hold atthemuseumnextweek 2 Everypossiblemeans try butnone prove successful 3 Thequestionheaskedishard answer 4 Bytheendoflastyear anothernewgymnasium complete inBeijing 5 Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool send abroadtostudymedicinelastyear 6 Sarah hurryup I mafraidyouwouldn thavetimeto change beforetheparty 练习 istobeheld hasbeentried proves toanswer hadbeencompleted weresent getchanged 7 Rainforests cut andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthefuture 8 Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho blame forthespoiledchild 9 Greatchanges takeplace inthecity andalotoffactories setup inthepastfewyears 10 Thefootballmatch hold inourschoolnextweek arebeingcut istoblame havetakenplace havebeensetup isgoingtobeheld II 下列句子均有一处错误 请改正 1 Don tworry Youwillnotbelaughedforthat 2 Thefilmissointerestingthatitwillwatchagainandagain 3 Ipromisethismatterwillbetakecareof laughed后加at watch bewatched take taken 4 Themanwhogivesordersisinthechargeofthearmy 5 HeisluckyenoughtobeadmittedtoavolunteerofthecomingOlympicGames to as 去掉第二个the 实战应用 Welcometoourschool I dliketointroduceyoutheplansforourschool Alotofwork do inthepastfewyears Thelibrary complete andisreadyforuse Butwestillhavetodomorework Anewbiologylab build thisyear Butwedonothaveenoughmoneyfortheequ