5 IP IP 5 1 IP 086 021 23508917 IP 172 20 10 118 255 255 255 0 TCP IP IP IPv4 IP 32 IP Internet IP IP IP IP IP IP net ID host ID IP IP IP IP IP IP 129 8 16 25 10000001 00001000 00010000 00011001 10 2 0 52 00001010 00000010 00000000 00110100 126 0 0 0 01111110 00000000 00000000 00000000 192 255 255 255 11000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 5 2 IP IP IP 32 dotted decimal x x x x x 8 x 0 255 202 113 29 119 IP IP 5 IP A 0 B 10 C 110 D 1110 E 11110 IP IP IP A IP A IP 7 24 A 1 0 0 0 127 255 255 255 7 27 128 0 1 0 127 126 A 24 A IP 224 16 777 216 IP 0 1 16 777 214 A IP B IP B IP IP 14 IP 16 B IP 128 0 0 0 191 255 255 255 IP 14 214 16384 B 16382 IP 16 B 216 65536 B IP 65534 B IP C IP C IP 21 8 C IP 192 0 0 0 223 255 255 255 21 221 2097152 C 8 C 28 256 254 C IP D E IP D IP 224 0 0 0 239 255 255 255 Multicasting E IP 240 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 IP 3 3 3 4 4 0 4 3 5 6 7 0 7 2 7 7 10 7 13 6 IPv4 17B 84C1 135 616 26B 128C1 736 704 29B1 900 544 64B4 194 304 107B7 012 352 188B 234C12 380 672 1A 119B 164C24 617 984 2A 131B 252C42 204 160 IP IP 1 A B C IP 1 2 32 1 3 4 TCP IP 127 IP IP IP Internet IP Internet IP IP IP 5 3 IP subnet supernet C A B C IP net ID host ID IP net ID subnet ID host ID net ID subnet ID A B C IP Internet Internet IP B 64 1 0 A B C IP IP IP A IP 121 0 0 0 1000 1 000 0 1 1002 10 1024 A Subnetting WAN WAN IP 1 IP 156 26 27 71 2 IP 156 26 27 110 255 255 255 192 CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing CIDR IP network prefix CIDR IP CIDR CIDR IP CIDR IP 0 1 Cisco ip subnet zero 192 168 5 0 4 2 192 168 5 64 192 168 5 128 192 168 5 0 192 168 5 192 IP 0 Cisco IOS version 12 x 31 32 31 2 IP 32 1 255 255 255 192 26 192 11000000 1 0 4 00000000 0 all host bits off 01000000 64 all host bits off 10000000 128 all host bits off 11000000 192 all host bits off 0 64 128 192 1 192 168 10 33 Node address 255 255 255 224 Subnet mask 192 168 10 32 192 168 10 63 2 192 168 10 33 Node address 255 255 255 240 Subnet mask 192 168 10 32 192 168 10 47 3 192 168 10 174 Node address 255 255 255 240 Subnet mask 192 168 10 160 192 168 10 175 1 172 16 10 33 Node address 255 255 255 224 Subnet mask 172 16 10 32 172 16 10 63 2 172 16 88 255 20 172 16 80 0 172 16 95 255 VLSM 192 168 10 0 Network 255 255 255 224 Mask classful routing All hosts and router interfaces have the same subnet 6 14 VLSM 192 168 10 0 Network 255 255 255 240 Mask 6 14 VLSM 7 VLSM A VLSM table A VLSM table creating topology A 27 B 28 C 28 D 30 E 30 F 30 G 28 H 26 I 28 J 26 K 28 192 168 10 0 ip subnet zero Supernet Summarization route aggregation 1 1 192 168 16 0 192 168 31 0 16 16 240 network address 192 168 16 0 255 255 240 0 2 172 16 32 0 172 16 50 0 18 16 32 16 32 47 192 168 16 0 255 255 240 0 48 50 32 32 63 192 168 16 0 255 255 224 0 51 63 1 2 3 host A host B