介词是英语中比较活跃的词，它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。2020年高考介词的考查仍然会以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。在高考考查中主要是对常用介词的辨析和对介词短语搭配的考查。考点1 常见介词的活用by, with, against, over, on, in, at, besides, for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：1. over可表位置，意为“在上方；越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在期间；（多年）以来”等，它还有“在（问题）上；对（某事）”等引申意义。如：You cant wear a blue jacket over that shirtItll look terrible你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克太难看了。We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。We heard it over the radio我们从广播中听到了它。2.by的主要意思有“在旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：by and by 不久，迟早 by and large 大体上by oneself 单独 by the way 顺便说说by far 到目前为止，最 by chance 碰巧by accident 偶然地 by means of 借助by no means 绝不，一点也不 by mistake 错误地The water in the river rose by two meters河水上涨了两米。He is an Englishman by birth他在血统上是英国人。3.with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于“等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如：He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earths air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。4beyond表示“(时间)过了，比晚，迟于；(位置)在那边，超出之外；(范围)超过，为所不及，超出的范围”等意思。如：They arrived beyond nine oclock他们过了9：00才到。The book is beyond me这本书我看不懂。Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。【典例】 Annie said she enjoyed the moment most that every morning she waked towards the classroom, she could see me standing outside the front door _ a smile on my face. 【答案】with【解题思路】考查介词用法。句子意思：安妮说她喜欢那一时刻，每天早上当她走进教室，她可以看到我站在前门，脸上带着微笑。with a smile on my face “脸上带着笑”，做状语。考点2 介词的固定搭配高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。1名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in ones opinion根据某人的看法；on time准时；out of reach够不着2动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的；result from由引起；call at访问(某地)3形容词词组：be curious about对好奇；be proud of因而自豪；be popular with受到的欢迎4介词短语：apart from除以外；in addition to除之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of万一；thanks to由于；in the middle of在中间；according to根据；in front of在前面；in return for作为对的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为的结果；in exchange for与交换等【典例】 Next time you are to come for dinner, dont forget to inform me _ advance so that I can make preparations. 【答案】in【解题思路】考查介词用法。句意：下次你来吃饭的时候，不要忘了提前告知我，以便我做好准备。in advance“提前”。 一、单项选择1.【2019天津】_ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.A. According toB. Instead ofC. In addition toD. In spite of2.【2019江苏】Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape3.【2018江苏】 Chinas softpowergrows_ theincreasingappreciationandunderstanding of China globally.A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of 二、语法填空4.【2019全国卷】Modem methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.5.【2019全国III】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _ dogs，seven to be exact.6.【2019浙江】The answer _ this question is not clear.7.【2019北京】First celebrated _ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).8.【2018全国III】I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. 9.【2018浙江】If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. 10.【2017全国卷】This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) _ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.11.【2017全国卷】It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _ work.12.【2017全国卷】After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.三、句子改错13.【2019全国卷】When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. 14.【2018全国I】At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed. 15.【2018全国II】Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. 16.【2017全国卷】It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 17.【2017全国卷】They have also bought for some gardening tools.