机械安全培训 MACHINESAFETYTRAININGPROGRAM CONTENTS 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards 2 3 4 CONTENTS 控制或排除机械危险源 ControloreliminateMachineryHazards 安全干预 SafetyInterventions 个人防护用品 PersonalProtectiveEquipment PPE 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards 1 1 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards IncidentPyramid事故金字塔 严重的伤害事故 轻微的伤害事故 SeriousAccident 财产损失事故 SlightAccident PropertylossAccident 财产损失事故 SlightAccident Accident Incidence 事故 nearmiss 准事故 未遂事故 不符合 偏差 隐患 Deviation Hazards 缺乏控制 管理体系不足 Lackofcontrolormanagementsystem MACHINESAFETY IDENTIFYINGMACHINERYSAFETYHAZARDS 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards TECHNICALOVERVIEW技术概要 Machineshavemovingparts Theactionofmovingpartsmayhavesufficientforceinmotiontocauseinjurytopeople 机械的运动部件所带有的动能可能会对人员造成伤害 Commonmechanicalhazardsandassociatedrisksformachineryandequipmentareshownbelow以下是常见的机械伤害以及相关的机械设备 MACHINESAFETY IDENTIFYINGMACHINERYSAFETYHAZARDS 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards HAZARD危险源 RISK风险 DESCRIPTION描述 PICTORIALREPRESENTATION图示 Conveyorbelts pulleys 传送带和滑轮 Abrasion 擦伤 Causedbyfrictionbetweenmovingpartandskin 由皮肤和运动部件的摩擦造成 Roboticarmsandmobilemachinery 机械臂和移动机械 Impact 冲撞 Causedwhenbodypartstruck butnotpenetrated bymovingpart 由运动部件对肢体的撞击 未穿透 造成 MACHINESAFETY IDENTIFYINGMACHINERYSAFETYHAZARDS 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards HAZARD危险源 RISK风险 DESCRIPTION描述 PICTORIALREPRESENTATION图示 Rotatingshafts pullies sprocketsandgears 转轴 滑轮 链齿和齿轮 Entanglement 绞入 Causedwhenbodypartbecomescaughton inmachineparts 由肢体卷入机械部件的造成 Hardsurfacesmovingtogether 移动接触的坚硬表面 Crushing 粉碎性伤害 Causedwhenmachinepartsmovetowardseachotherandbodypartiscaughtinbetween 当机械部件相互撞击 肢体处于撞击区域之间造成 MACHINESAFETY IDENTIFYINGMACHINERYSAFETYHAZARDS 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards TheRootCauseOfMechanicalHazards 机械危害的根源及性质 PersonalFactors人的因素 Thedangerousandhazardfactorsfromtheproductactivity 在生产活动中 来自人员或人为性质的危害和有害因素 MaterialFactors物的因素 Thedangerousandhazardfactorsfrommachine equipment facilityandmaterial机械 设备 设施 材料等方面存在的危险和有害因素 EnvironmentFactors环境因素 Thedangerousandhazardfactorsfromtheproductionenvironment 生产环境中的危险和有害因素 ManagementFactors管理因素 Thedangerousandhazardfactorsduetolackofmanagementandmanagementresponsibility管理和管理责任缺失所导致的危险和有害因素 MACHINESAFETY IDENTIFYINGMACHINERYSAFETYHAZARDS 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS确定危险源的步骤 UnderstandingMechanicalhazards了解机械危险源 Whenreviewingmachineryandequipmentforpossiblemechanicalhazards consider Machineryandequipment在寻找可能的机械危险源的时候 请关注以下机械设备 Stablemachinethatcanbereachedbypeople人员可以接触到的静止机械设备 Withmovingpartsthatcanbereachedbypeople人员可以接触到运动部件的机械设备 Thatcanejectobjects parts components productsorwasteitems thatmaystrikeapersonwithsufficientforcetocauseharm可以弹射出物件 部件 零件 产品或者废料 而且弹射力足以造成伤害的机械设备 Withmovingpartsthatcanreachpeoplesuchasboomsormechanicalarms有移动部件如吊臂或者机械臂可以接触到人员的机械设备 Mobilemachineryandequipment suchasforklifts palletjacks earthmovingequipment operatedinareaswherepeoplemaygainaccess 在人员可能进入的地点操作的移动机械设备 如叉车 托盘千斤顶 推土机等 MACHINESAFETY IDENTIFYINGMACHINERYSAFETYHAZARDS 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards TheCommonMechanicalHazards常见的机械危险源 MACHINESAFETY IDENTIFYINGMACHINERYSAFETYHAZARDS 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards TheCommonMechanicalHazards常见的机械危险源 MACHINESAFETY IDENTIFYINGMACHINERYSAFETYHAZARDS 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS确定危险源的步骤 Understandingcommonhazardsbytypeofworkplaceactivity通过工作活动的种类了解常见危险源 Peopleoperatingmachinesandequipmentcould操作机器设备的人员 Berequiredtoplacetheirhandsclosetothemechanismofthemachineryorequipmentthatdoesthework andmaybeinjuredifcaughtortrappedbymovingparts被要求将双手放在靠近机器设备的工作点 可能受到移动部件的伤害 Beexposedtoconstantharmfulnoise radiatedenergyorfumesbeingemittedfrommachineryandequipmenttheyareoperatingorarecloseto暴露于持续的有害噪音 放射性的能量或者靠近的机械设备排放的废气 Inadvertentlybumporknockpoorlyplacedcontrolleversorbuttons不小心地触碰到错误放置的控制杆或控制按钮 Berequiredtomakeadjustmentstothemechanismofmachineryandequipmentwhilethemachineisinmotion被要求在运作的机械设备上进行调试 Berequiredtoclearawayscrap被要求清理残留物料 MACHINESAFETY IDENTIFYINGMACHINERYSAFETYHAZARDS 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS确定危险源的步骤 Peoplewhoinstallordismantlemachinesandequipmentcould安装或者拆解机械设备的人员 Workinisolation在绝缘条件下工作 Workinlowlightorwithbrightdirectionallight在低光线或者明亮的直射光线下 Accessmachineryandequipmentfromthetop sidesorunderneath接触到机械顶部 底部 边缘 Workwith nearcranes forkliftorriggingtoliftmachineryandequipment在塔吊 叉车 吊索附近工作 Workinconfinedspaces在有限空间内工作 MACHINESAFETY IDENTIFYINGMACHINERYSAFETYHAZARDS Workonmachinesandequipmentatheightorovermachineryorequipmenttoconnectservices suchaselectricity airorwater 在机械顶部或者在高处的机械设备上连接管线 如接电 接水 接气 Usepowertools welders extensionleads whichpresentelectricalhazardsifdamagedorwet如果设备损坏或者潮湿 使用电动工具 电焊 延长导线可能带来电气危险 1 确定机械安全危险源 IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS确定危险源的步骤 Peopleprovidingmaintenanceorrepairservicescould维护维修设备的人员 Accessmachinesandequipmentfromtherearsides从机械设备后部接触设