高考英语二轮专项复习课件定语从句 一 定义及相关术语 1 定语从句 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 3 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有 that which who whom whose as等关系副词有 when where why 关系词通常有下列三个作用 A 引导定语从句 连接主句和从句 B 代替先行词 C 在定语从句中担当一个成分 Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who指人 在定语从句中作主语 TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics 2 whom指人 在定语从句中做宾语 常可省略 MrLiuistheperson whom youtalkedaboutonthebus 介宾 LiMingisjusttheboy whom Iwanttosee 动宾 Theprofessor whom youarewaitingforhascome Thegirl whom theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor 注意 关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替 也可省略 Theman whom who youmetjustnowismyoldfriend 3 which指物 在定语从句中做主语或宾语 做宾语时常可省略 Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice Thisisthepen which heboughtyesterday Thefilm which theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall 4 that指人时 相当于who或whom 指物时 相当于which 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时常可省略 Thenumberofpeoplethat whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion Whereisthemanthat whomIsawthismorning Thepersonthat whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind Theseasonthat whichcomesafterspringissummer YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat whichcamefromAustralia 5 whose通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin 注意 指物时 常用下列结构来代替 Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow Whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhich 三 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时 从句常常由 介词 关系代词 引出 Theschool which that heoncestudiedinisveryfamous Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous TomorrowI llbringherethemagazine which that youaskedfor TomorrowI llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked Thisistheboy whom who that Iplayedtenniswithyesterday ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday We llgotohearthefamoussinger whom who that wehaveoftentalkedabout We llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions 注意 1 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在短语动词的后面 如 lookfor lookafter takecareof等 Thisisthewatch which that Iamlookingfor ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy Thebabies whom who that thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy 若介词放在关系代词前 关系代词指人时只可用whom 不可用who that 关系代词指物时只可用which 不可用that 关系代词是所有格时用whose Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour Themanwiththat whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable 介词 关系代词 前还可有some any none all both neither many most each few等代词或者数词 Heloveshisparentsdeeply bothofwhomareverykindtohim Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples someofwhichhavegonebad Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall mostofwhomarefrombigcities Uptonow hehaswrittentenstories threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife 四 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when指时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived October1 1949wasthedaywhenthePeople sRepublicofChinawasfounded Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents 2 where指地点 在定语从句中作地点状语 ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughttheenemy 3 why指原因 在定语从句中作原因状语 Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous Idon tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday 注意 关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句来表示 Fromtheyearswhen inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup 五 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 A 限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号 与主句隔开 用逗号 与主句隔开 意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语 如删除 主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整 B 非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明 如删除 主句仍能表达完整的意思 译法上译成先行词的定语 的 通常译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用上A 作宾语时可省略B 不可省略A 可用thatB 不用thatA 可用who代替whomB 不可用who代替whom Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere inwhichtheylive Thereasonwhy forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica 限制性定语从句举例 非限制性定语从句举例 Hismother wholoveshimverymuch isstrictwithhim China whichwasfoundedin1949 isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful LastsummerIvisitedthePeople sGreatHall inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear 注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义 1 Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege 她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学 意含 她还有其他哥哥 Herbrother whoisnowasoldier alwaysencourageshertogotocollege 她哥哥是当兵的 他总是鼓励她上大学 意含 她只有一个哥哥 2 Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten 所有里面带插图的书都写得很好 意含 不带插图的书则不一定写得好 Allthebooks whichhavepicturesinthem arewellwritten 所有的书都带插图 这些书都写得很好 意含 没有不带插图的书 一 限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况 1 当先行词是everything anything not