专题09情态动词和虚拟语气精讲深剖真题速递单项选择1.（2019江苏卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。2.（2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。3（2018天津卷）I cant find my purse. I it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.Ashould leave Bmust have leftCmight leave Dcould have left【答案】D。【解析】考查情态动词的完成式。根据本空所在句子的时间状语判断，此处叙述过去发生的动作；下文说“我不太肯定”，因此表示不肯定的语气，应用“情态动词could/might/may have done”结构，因此选D。4. （2018天津卷）If we the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.Ahad caught BcaughtChave caught Dwould catch【答案】A。【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意和句中的时间状语可知，这是一个主从条件句的虚拟语气，条件从句中有时间状语yesterday，因此表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。5. （2018江苏卷）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I a second chance to become more involved. Ahad Bwill have Cwould have had Dhave had【答案】选A。【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据“There is a good social life in the village”可知，时间的着眼点是现在，因此wish后的从句中的虚拟语气是对现在的虚拟，故选择had。6. （2018江苏卷）Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.A, would Bshould Ccould Dmight 【答案】选B。【解析】考查情态动词。句意：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的许可就拿走了那些书。should“竟然”，符合句意。单句语法填空 7(2016全国卷)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.【答案】be made 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。be made根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。单句改错8.（2018全国II卷）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. 【答案】去掉not后的to【解析】考查情态动词。would是情态动词，表意愿，后需跟动词原形，故to多余。 They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. 考纲解读情态动词和虚拟语气是高考全国卷和地方卷的常考点，江苏和天津高考单项填空每年必有一道考查情态动词和虚拟语气的题。此考点依次是：推测(可能性)请求/允许必要性特殊用法。此类试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。知识梳理一情态动词(一)can, could用法例句表示能力，意为“能，会”；could表示过去的能力。She can speak French fluently. 她能讲一口流利的法语。can可用于肯定句中，表示客观或理论上的可能性。An experienced teacher can make mistakes. 一位有经验的老师也会犯错。表示请求或允许。在疑问句中，could可以代替can，语气更委婉，肯定回答时要用can，不用could。Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning？Yes, you can. 明天上午我可以用你的自行车吗？是的，可以。表示说话者的主观推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句中。can比could语气强。He cant be our manager. He has gone to Beijing. 他不可能是我们经理。他已经去北京了。表示惊异、怀疑、迷惑等态度，常用于否定句和疑问句中。How can you treat me like that？你怎么能那样对我？用于固定习语中：cant . too/enough (无论也不过分；越越好)；cant but do sth. (不得不，只好)；cant help doing sth. (禁不住做某事)。I cant thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 我非常感谢你，在我们不在家时帮助我的儿子。One cannot but admire her determination. 人们不得不佩服她的决心。【考题印证】(2016全国卷)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip._【答案】chose改为choose【解析】考查情态动词。情态动词can后面接动词原形。chose是choose的过去式形式。故把chose改为choose。(二)may, might用法例句表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。给予许可时用may，不用might。Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter？Yes, you may. 我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？是的，可以。表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句中。might比may语气弱。I really dont like James. Why did you invite him？Dont worry. He might not come. 我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请他？别担心。他或许不会来。表示祝愿，常用结构为：May主语动词原形！May you be happy every day！愿你快乐每一天！用于固定短语中：may/might as well动词原形(不妨，还是为好)；may/might well动词原形(很可能)。You may/might as well tell him the truth.你不妨告诉他事实吧。He may/might well stay in Beijing now. 他现在很可能待在北京。【考题印证】(2015陕西高考单选)You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.【答案】may【解析】考查情态动词。根据句意“你觉得所有的训练都是在浪费时间，但我百分之百地肯定，以后你会很感激你做的。”可知空格处填may。(三)must, have to用法例句表示义务，意为“必须”。must强调说话人的主观看法，have to则强调客观需要；在回答带有must的问句时，否定式常用need not (neednt)或dont have to，而不是用must not。We must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你仅仅告诉我们你能否承担这项任务就行。I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲在住院。must用来表示推测，意为“一定”，只能用在肯定句中。must的肯定程度比can强。You must be hungry after a long walk. 长途跋涉之后，你一定饿了。must表示“偏要，非要不可”。常用于疑问句和条件句中，偶尔也用于陈述句中。If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over. 如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。mustnt表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。You mustnt play with the knife, or you may hurt yourself