贷 款 政 策（1）商业银行的贷款构成和贷款质量反映了商业银行的贷款政策。（2）银行的贷款政策体现了银行的贷款风格，包括：贷款优先权的排序、贷款的程序、贷款业务活动的日常监控等等。是银行进行贷款业务的指南，也是银行进行贷款风险管理的一个重要工具。（3）贷款政策必须以书面形式固定下来，从董事会到管理层都必须牢记并掌握。（4）贷款政策一般每年修订一次，以确保银行的贷款业务和贷款风险管理能适应市场的发展。贷款政策内容商业银行的贷款政策一般包括3个部分：第一部分是银行贷款政策的一般性描述；第二部分是关于银行贷款组合结构和管理的技术性及程序性描述；第三部分是关于每一种贷款的具体管理程序和指标的详细描述。具体如下：银行贷款政策的主要内容I. General policy statementsIII. Parameters and procedures by type of loan A. objectivesA. Real estate mortgage loans B. Strategies 1. Loan description 1. Loan mix 2. Purpose of loan proceeds2. Liquidity and maturity structure 3. Preffered maturities3. Size of portfolio 4. Pricing: rates, fees, balances C. Trade area 5. Minimum and maximum amounts D. Credit standard 6. Insurance requirements1. Types of loans 7. Perfection of collateral2. Secured vs. unsecured guidelines 8. Channels of approval for policy3. CollateralB. Intrim construction financing4. TermsC. Accounts receivable loans E. Loan authorities and approvalD. Inventory loansII. Principles and proceduresE. Term loans A. Insurance protectionF. Securities purchase loans B. Documentation standards and securityG. Agricultural loans interestH. Small business loans C. Problem loan collections and charge-offs I. Consumer loans D. Legal constraints and complianceJ. Purchased loans E. Loan pricing F. Financial information requirement from borrowers G. Ethical issues and conflicts of interest H. Loan review贷款政策要点Objectives（1）Banks internal and external mission（2）Perceived business role in its trade area（3）Perceived market niche（4）Desired profitability（5）Maintenance of public confidence（6）Degree of competitiveness and aggressiveness（7）Quantify loan growth and earning objectives（8）Desired size of loan portfolio in relation to total deposits or total assetsStrategies（1）Express risk management strategies in more concrete terms（2）Desired types , geographical areas and risk of loans in banks loan portfolio（3）Quantify the desired loan mix, diversification of loan placement, reduce concentration risk（4）Describe banks in-house limit-the maximum amount to lend to any one customer（5）Mention the undesirable types of loans and borrowers（6）Describe the desired maturity structure of the loan portfolioCredit standards（1）State the types of loans the bank considers desirable（2）Indicate both desirable and unacceptable types of collateral（3）Indicate the circumstances in which unsecured lending is prohibited（4）Verify the quality and liquidity of collateral（5）Describe the maximum loan-to-collateral-value ratios（6）Specify the responsibilities and procedures for appraisalsLoan authorities and approvals（1）Estabilish lending limits for all loan officers/total limit/limit to one customer/limit available（2）Estabilish lending limits for combinations of loan officers（3）Estabilish lending limits for loan committeesInsurance protection（1）Indicate the types of borrowers who must be insured（death/natural disaste/destroy of collateral）（2）Indicate what classes of borrowers should be under reinsurance programsDocumentation standards（1）Describe the uniform credit files and documentation procedures（2）Documentation checklist for each credit file:（i）The basic loan agreement-to set the conditions of the loan transaction（ii）The credit application（iii）The borrowers financial statements（iv）Credit reports（v）Evidence of perfection of security interest-to estabilish banks claim to collateral in the event of default（vi）Assignment of rents or leases on real estate or other productive property（vii）The borrowers life or casualty insurance policy（viii）Corporate borrowering resolution or partnership agreement-to certify the employees of borrowering firm who are authorised to commit the borrowering on behalf the firm（ix）Subordination agreement（x）Continuing guarantee-A singed personal guarantee document by majority stockholders（xi）Financial statements on the guarantor（xii）Correspondence（xiii）Copies of existing and paid-off prommissory notes