TrainingandDevelopingEmployees9031522劉又菁9031525陳聖傑 ChapterOutline OrientingEmployeesTheTrainingprocessTrainingTechniquesTrainingforSpecialPurposesManagerialDevelopmentandTrainingTechniquesEvaluatingtheTrainingEffort OrientingEmployees EmployeeorientationAprocedureforprovidingnewemployeeswithbasicbackgroundinformationaboutthefirm Socialization OrientationPrograms Figure7 1 Orientation1 HRspecialist2 Newsupervisor TheTrainingProcess IntroductionTheFive StepTrainingandDevelopmentProcessTrainingandLearningLegalAspectsofTrainingTrainingNeedsAnalysis Introduction TrainingThemethodsusedtogiveneworpresentemployeestheskillstheyneedtoperformtheirjobs Whythetrainingbusinessisbooming TheFive StepTrainingandDevelopmentProcess 1 NEEDSANALYSIS 需求分析 2 INSTRUCTIONALDESIGN 教材設計 3 VALIDATION 確認 4 IMPLEMENTATION 執行 5 EVALUATIONANDFOLLOW UP 評估及追蹤 REACTION LEARNING BEHAVIOR RESULTS TrainingandLearning Trainingisalearningprocess Suggestion1 Meaningful2 Easytotransfer3 Motivatethetrainee4 Effectivelypreparethetrainees LegalAspectsofTraining Equalemploymentlaws Negligenttraining1 情形2 預防措施 確定應徵者是否真的具備其宣稱的技能與經驗 多方面訓練 有保護第三人健康安全的程序 評估訓練活動 TrainingNeedsAnalysis TodeterminewhattrainingisrequiredTwomainwaystoidentifytrainingneeds1 Taskanalysis 特別適用於決定新進職者的訓練需求 2 Performanceanalysis 評估在職員工績效 Othertechniqueex observations questionnairesurveys TaskAnalysis AssessingtheTrainingNeedsofNewEmployees 用途 todeterminethetrainingneedsofemployeeswhoarenewtotheirjobs目的 todeterminewhatspecificskillsthejobrequires ex 主管應具備面試技巧 方法 jobdescriptionsandjobspecifications協助 TaskAnalysisRecordForm TaskAnalysisRecordForm TaskList maintasksandsubtasksHowOftenPerformed frequencyQuantity QualityStandards standardsPerformanceConditions conditionsSkillsRequired theskillsorknowledgerequiredWhereBestLearned onoroffthejob PerformanceAnalysis DeterminingtheTrainingNeedsofCurrentEmployees 目的 評估在職員工的績效 以決定是否要經由訓練或其他方法加以改正 若有顯著績效不佳 重點 區別 can tdo 與 won tdo Can tdo 做不到 原因ex don tknowwhattodo poorselection Won tdo 不願意做 coulddoagoodjobifemployeeswantedto changethesystem TrainingTechniques On the JobTrainingApprenticeshipTrainingInformalLearningJobInstructionTrainingLecturesProgrammedLearningAudiovisualTechniquesVestibuleorSimulatedTrainingComputer BasedTrainingTrainingViaCD ROMandtheInternet On the JobTraining 意義 learnajobbyactuallyperformingit 型式 1 coachingorunderstudymethod 教練法 2 Jobrotation 工作輪調 優點 1 inexpensive2 learnwhileproducing3 noneedforexpensiveoff jobfacilities4 facilitatelearning 注意事項 1 訓練者本身應受過嚴格的訓練2 訓練者應接受教學方法的訓練 jobinstructiontechnique Jobinstructiontechnique STEP1 PREPARATIONOFTHELEARNER 學習者的準備 STEP2 PRESENTATIONOFTHEOPERATION 操作示範 STEP3 PERFORMANCETRYOUT 績效測試 STEP4 FOLLOW UP 追蹤 ApprenticeshipTraining Astructuredprocessbywhichindividualsbecomeskilledworkersthroughacombinationofclassroominstructionandon the jobtraining Ex inGermany InformalLearning Anylearningthatoccursinwhichthelearningprocessisn tdeterminedordesignedbytheorganization JobInstructionTraining 意義 Step by stepprocess 內容 1 以適當的順序列出工作中所有必要的步驟 指示該做些什麼 2 在每個步驟旁列出重點 指示要如何做以及為什麼這麼做 範例 howtooperatealargemotorizedpapercutter Lectures 優點 可以迅速且簡單的方式提供知識給一大群受訓者實用原則 1 Giveyourlistenerssignals2 Don tstartoutonthewrongfoot3 Keepyourconclusionsshort4 Bealerttoyouraudience5 Maintaineyecontactwiththetraineesintheprogram6 Makesureeveryoneintheroomcanhear7 Controlyourhands8 Talkfromnotesratherthanfromascript9 Eliminatebadhabits10 Practice ProgrammedLearning 功能 1 Presentingquestions facts orproblemstothelearner2 Allowingthepersontorespond3 Providingfeedbackontheaccuracyofhisorheranswers範例 學習微積分的程式化教材優點 1 Reducetrainingtimebyaboutone third2 Facilitatelearning AudiovisualTechniques 視聽技術 ex影片 錄影帶 錄音帶以下情況可考慮使用 因成本較高 1 當需要加以對特定順序說明 ex 焊接鐵線 2 當有需要讓受訓者認識在現場講授中不易示範的情境 ex 心藏手術 3 當整個組織都將施行訓練 及訓練者從某地至另一地的成本太高 Teletraining Videoconferencedistancelearning Teletraining Atrainerinacentrallocationcantraingroupsofemployeesatremotelocationsviatelevisionhookups Ex AMP公司 Videoconferencedistancelearning Ameansofjoiningtwoormoredistantgroupsusingacombinationofaudioandvisualequipment 建議 1 避免閃亮的珠寶或花樣繁多的衣物2 至少提早20分鐘到達3 測試將用到的所有設備4 調整燈光 VestibuleorSimulatedTraining 意義 讓受訓者藉由工作上所使用的模擬設備來學習目的 能獲得在職訓練的好處 而不用把受訓者置於實際工作中適用情形 當在職訓練過於昂貴或危險時範例 飛行模擬器 飛行員訓練 1 Safety2 Learningefficiency3 Costsavings Computer BasedTraining Thetraineeusesacomputer basedsystemtointeractivelyincreaseknowledgeorskills 例子 西北公司訓練面試人員優點 1 reducelearningtimebyanaverageof50 2 costeffective3 instructionalconsistency4 increasedtraineemotivation TrainingViaCD ROMandtheInternet 網際網路訓練課程的目標 教導網際網路使用者如何使用網際網路Ex Roadmap 利用公司內部網路 intranets 幫助computer basedtrainingEx SiliconGraphics TrainingViaCD ROMandtheInternet 對提升technology baseddistancelearningprograms之教學效率的建議 1 maintaineyecontact2 usethevarietyofmediaavailable3 emphasizetechnologythatisreliableandhighquality 訓練軟體的製造者 TrainingforSpecialPurpose LiteracyTrainingTechniqueToattainanalyticalskills itisimpossiblewithoutthebasicability Testemployees basicskillsInstitutebasicskillsandliteracyprogramsSupervisorsfocusonbasicskillsbygivingemploye