HYDROGENGASFROM PONDSCUM UsingGreenAlgaetoCreateSustainableEnergy ReachingfortheStars FindinganefficientandrenewablemethodofproducingHydrogengashasbeenagoalforthoseseekingacleanandefficientwaytogenerateaplethoraofheatandelectricity Sustainability Anenergyproducingresourceisconsideredsustainableifitcanbeproducedandusedeconomicallyandsafely whilemeetingthedemandsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstodothesame Accordingly theresourcemustbereplenishableandhaveaminimalimpactontheenvironment Sustainableenergyresourcesarenowrecognizedasthemoretheefficientwaytoproduceenergy SustainableSystemsTheoryI Strikingasustainableequilibriumbetweenthesesystemshasbeenachallengefacedbyallcivilizationsbecauseeachsystemhasadifferentgoalorstatustoachieve Whenthegoalsofthesespherescollideinopposition itleadstoenvironmentaldegradationandadeclineinthequalityoflife SustainableSystemsTheoryII Underthisview theecosystemprovidesecologicallimitsforboththesocialandeconomicsystems Economicwelfareisseenasadirectcomponentofoursocialsystemthatshapesthequalityoflife Thisviewislessambiguousanddescribestheinterrelationsandrespectivelimitsofeachsystemwithmoreprecision Anthropogenicactivitiesplacegreatstressonourplanet secosystems Unfortunately afiniteamountoffossilfuelhasaccumulatedintheearth scrustoverthecourseofmanymillionsofyears whichmeanstheuseofalternativesourcesofenergyistheinevitablefateofoursociety Mostoftheworld scommercialenergyisconsumedbytheUnitedStates whichuses24 oftheworld senergy withonly4 6 oftheworld spopulation InabilitytoMaintainSustainability OilAddiction OilDepletionandCO2Emissions C02EmissionsPerPerson PresentSustainableEnergySources Sustainableenergyresourcesarenowrecognizedasthemoretheefficientwaytoproduceenergy Therehavebeengreatstridesinthefield Forexample solar wind water andbiomassenergycanbeharnessedtoprovideheatandelectricity butmanystridesstillhavetobemadebeforetheycansustaintheglobalenergydemand Disadvantagesofsolarpower lowefficiency highcost andneedsteadyaccesstosun Disadvantagesofwindpower steadywindsrequired landuseintensive visualpollution noise interferencewithmigratorybirdpatterns Disadvantagesofusingwaterpower constructioncosts CO2emissionsfromdecayingbiomassinshallowtropicalreservoirs floods ecosystemconversions dangerofcollapse harmsfishandmineralization Disadvantagesofbiomassburning maybenonrenewable CO2emissions lowefficiency soilerosion andwaterandairpollution SustainableBreakthrough AnewsourceofsustainableenergyisbeingdevelopedwhichmayrevolutionizesustainableenergyproductionItusesthepeculiarpropertiesofGreenAlgaefoundincommonpondscumtocreateHydrogengas IntroductiontoHydrogenGas Hydrogengaspowerhaslongbeenheraldedastherenewableenergysourceofthefuturebecauseofitscosteffectivenessandlowenvironmentalimpact Hydrogengasplaysapivotalroleinpoweringtheuniversethroughstellarhydrogenfusion likeourSun However ifgeneratedbyfossilfuelsornuclearpower itisfallsoutsidethesphererenewableenergy ThepresentmethodsbywhichHydrogengasisproducedrequireaseparateenergysourcetocreatethatfuel HydrogenGasMolecule HydrogengasisamoleculeoftheelementHydrogen Hydrogenisthefirstelementontheperiodictable andthus hasthelowestmolecularweight TheHydrogenGasMolecule TwoatomsofHydrogencombinetoformahydrogenmolecule AtypicalH2moleculeconsistsofasinglecovalentbond Eachatomhasoneorbit whichoverlapwhencombined HydrogenMoleculeinNature Althoughhydrogenisthemostabundantelementintheuniverse morethan75 90 ofallatoms verylittleHydrogengasisreadilyavailableistheEarthatmosphere crust orwaters Traditionally itwasthoughtthattherewasverylittle ifany HydrogengasexistinganywhereonEarth however arecentNASAdiscoverysuggeststhatHydrogengasmayexist20kmbelowtheEarth sCrustTheyclaimbacteriathrivesinthelightandoxygendeprivedenvironment Thatdepthis8kmbelowRussia srecordsettingboreholewhichtook13yearstodig AlgaeTakingOveraPond PondScumisusuallyatypeofalgae Generally algaearemicroscopicorganismsthatliveinaquaticenvironments PondScum Thevernacularterm pondscum isextremelyderogatory AlgaeandHumans Throughouthumanhistorythesetinyorganismshavebeenusedasfoods e g nori wakame andmedicines e g agar agar carrageen alginicacid MagicalAlgae ThreeMajorDivisionsofAlgae Chlorophyta greenalgae needplentyoflightPhaeophyta Stramenopila brown goldenalgae cangrowunderlowlightconditions Rhodophyta redalgae moreexistthanbrown goldenandgreenalgaecombined TheClassofChlorophyta Ofthestudiesconductedthusfar theclassofChlorophytaiscapableofHydrogengasgeneration GreenAlgae Usuallymicroscopicfreshwaterorganismsorlargeseaweeds Over7 000knownspecies ThevariousspeciescanbeverydiversefromeachThriveindifferentenvironments TheChlamydomonasGenus TheChlamydomonasgenusfallswithintheclassofChlorophyta Thatgenusproclivityhasextendedbeyondfreshwaterenvironments suchassoil freshwater oceans andeveninsnowymountaintops HerearetwoChlamydomonasgametesmating Chlamydomonasreinhardtii Themostwidelyusedlaboratoryspeciesofalgae Basicbiologicalfunctionshavebeenwellknownforyears Thebiochemist