供应链管理 历史的反思与新挑战 IBM全球服务部徐津 供应链管理 TM CopyrightIBM2002 供应链管理 发展史 TM CopyrightIBM2002 1900年以学术研究开始 农业产品军事需求教科书的出现 60年代初期公司内部效率提高的最后一道战线政府对运输行业的放权70年代能源危机经济全球一体化IT 供应链管理的新天地竞争加强的必然结果 强者生存 产品替代效应增强利润的挑战 节省 1 D时代的 疯狂 TM CopyrightIBM2002 供应链管理 End to End TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 凝聚企业的竞争力 Wholesalers Customers Logistics Suppliers ManufacturingPlants Supplier Retailers LogisticsProviders Wholesalers TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 核心所在 买什么 从何买 什么价钱而不是以最快的方式买错东西生产什么 何时生产 生产多少而不是以最低的成本生产非需品以统一的形象面对客户而不是仅仅对单个流程自动化以统一的形象面对供应商而不是仅仅把每笔交易搬到网上 TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 对企业的整体效应 收入 成本 流动资产 固定资产 供应链效应 提高顾客服务 i e 优化库存与货架数量比例 更大的市场占有率 更高的利润率 降低库存缩短订单 现金周期 股东权益 利润 资产 降低有形资产 i e 卡车 仓库 物资操作机械等 以协作来降低销售成本 运输 仓储物流成本 采购成本 TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 企业所面临的挑战 sell 内部优化 以达到 提高顾客服务水平提高供求透明度采购成本库存周转优化商品分类运用先进的销售技术 Internet Kiosk 产品目录 网络电视 以高效率的供应链竞争 TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 量化的效益 TM CopyrightIBM2002 GMROI 纯利润回收率 sales GMROI 顾客服务 产出 计划周期 运作成本 销售额 销售成本 平均库存成本 库存 TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 对症下药 FortheRetailIndustry InventoryManagementModuleswouldreplaceProductionScheduling TM CopyrightIBM2002 供应链管理的应用在跨行业的比较 TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 最佳应用I 一般 创意 前沿 优秀应用 Vendor managedandco ownedinventoryInventoryownedbythesupplierorco ownedbytheretailerandsupplierImplementationofcentrally managed withinstore electronicshelftags Scan basedtradingforfast andslow movingitemsRequirescashierstoaccuratelyscanorentereachitemInventoryandorderingfunctionstieddirectlytothepoint of sale perpetualinventory Itemsareregisteredandre orderedwhenthecashierscansanitemRequiresaccuratescanningforproperSKUorderingOnlineprivatelabelproductproductionsynchronizationforverticallyintegratedretailers Store specificinventorybasedonlocation marketcharacteristics andareademographicsInventoryandorderingfunctionstieddirectlytoconsumerself scanshelftake awayProvidesoutofstockalertsand orautomaticallyre ordersitemsAutomatedprivate labelproductplanningandsourcing requiresintelligentsystems VMI电子货架条 SBT scanbasedtrading 即时库存同步生产 本店品牌 因店而异库存即时库存自动生产计划 本店品牌 细节 库存管理 TM CopyrightIBM2002 Scan basedtradingbenefitsbothretailers suppliersbystreamliningthedeliveryofDSDproducts DSDsupplierdeliversinventorytoastore Consumerbringsitemstothecashregisterandthecashierscansitems Attheendofthebillingcycle theretailerpaysthesupplierbasedonactualunitssold SupplierAccountsReceivable RetailerAccountsPayable Deliverypersonnelbypassthetraditionalprocessofchecking ininventoryandinsteadgodirectlytostoreshelvesforstocking WhenDSDitemisscanned therelevantproductinformationistransmittedtothesupplierandretailersystems 1 2 3 4 5 Commitmentfromsupplierstosupportbroad basedusageDeploymentofstandards basedpoint of saletechnologycapableofcommunicatingwithsuppliers Reduceddeliverytime 20 25minutessavedperdelivery Reducedstock outsandincreasedsales upby3 5 persupplier ImprovedpricingaccuracyRe allocationofstorepersonnelfromcheck intoin storemerchandisingactivitiesImprovedpromotionalflowthroughReducedinvoicedeductions declinedby70 Users2Retailers H E Butt SchnuckMarket Andronico sManufacturers Frito Lay Nabisco PepperidgeFarms Hallmark Anheuser BuschVendorsVialink SyncLink SuccessFactors KeyResults Metrics1 SampleUsers Vendors TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 最佳应用II 一般 创意 前沿 UtilizationofSKU levelelectronicinventorymanagementsystemsIncludespallettrackingthroughoutthedistributioncenter Fullyintegratedandoperationalwarehousemanagementsystems WMS thatautomatedistributioncentersandallowforcomplexfunctionssuchasflowthroughandcross dockingShareddistributioncentersforretailersofferingmultiplestoreformats e g Wal MartwithSuperstores NeighborhoodMarkets andSam sClubstores Reverselogisticsmanagementintegratedintowarehousesystemstoautomatereturnsprocesses Market levelshareddistributionassetsforconsumerpackagedgoodscompanies CPG andretailerswherewarehousesandtrucksserveareastoresfromcompetingandcomplementingretailersWarehousenetworkstrategieswheremarket level mega warehousearebuiltforchain wideitemscomplementedbyregionaldistributioncentersthatservefastermovingandperishableitemsUtilizesystemsthatcountergonomicwearandtearoneachwarehouseemployeebyindividualtask dynamicallybalancingnewtaskassignmenttoreducetheriskofinjury 物流中心管理 LeadingPractices 电子库存管理 仓储管理共享仓库自动反向物流 区域共享仓库仓库网络战略劳保有益型工作管理 Detail TM CopyrightIBM2002 CentralizedWarehouseManagementSystem Abilitytocross dockshipmentsfromcentralfacilitywithperishablegoodsatregionalcentersAvailabilityoftruckstohaulshipmentslongerdistancesDeploymentofwarehousemanagementsystem WMS tomanageproductsdestinedfor1 100storesAvailabilityoflabortostaffcentralwarehousefacility SuccessFactors ImprovedefficiencyforentiredistributionsystemLowerpricesthroughcentralizedbuyingFasterturnoverinfacilitiesRegionalwarehousespecialization KeyResults Metrics1 UsersAholdUSAC SWholesaleGrocers potentialwarehouseowner partner VendorsIBM SampleUsers Vendors Ahold scentralizedfacilitywillbeownedandoperatedbyathird partydistributionspecialist Philadelphia PA NY NJ CT RI MA NY PA OH ThefacilitywillsupplyallofAholdUSA s1 100stores DC MD DE NJ VA NY NJ PA WV AL