替代词one ones that those it this that 1 one ones that those That替换单数可数名词或不可数名词 one只替换单数的可数名词 Eg Thevaseontheleftismorebeautifulthan ontheright ThecoffeeproducedinBrazilismorefamousthan inMexico theone that That只用于替换表示事物的名词 而one ones替换表示人和表示事物的名词皆可 Eg Hisyoungersisteristallerthantheelder Ineedtheplasticbags notthepaper one ones That those一般不带前置定语 但必须有后置定语 One ones都可 当替换词的后置定语用所有格的of短语或当替换词被所有格修饰时 不用one ones而用thatof thoseof Eg Ilikethevasebetterthan inanothershop Thewindowsofyourflatarecleanerthan ofmine Agrandparent sjobiseasierthan ofaparent ThecomputersinourschoolareconnectedtotheInternetwhile intheirschoolaren t theone that those that those That those用于替换有定冠词的名词 one ones用于替换有不定冠词的名词 Eg Thestyleofthebuildingissimilarto ofatemple ACDplayermadeinJapancostsmorethan madeinChina that one 2 it this和that 都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况 细微差别在于it不如其余两者那么强调 Eg Soshedecidedtopaintthedoorpink upsettheneighboursabit Soshedecidedtopaintthehousepink reallyupsettheneighbours It That 当前面提到的事物不止一件时 it通常指最先提到的事物 而this that是指最后提到的事物 Eg Wekeeptheicecreammachineinthespareroom ismainlyusedbythechildren 指themachine Wekeeptheicecreammachineinthespareroom ismainlyusedbythechildren 指thespareroom It This That This可以出现在它所指代的事物之前 而that则指上文所提到的事物 Eg Listento Wewillhavethreedaysoff Apennysavedisapennyearned Whosaid this that Eg IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagoandIamstillusing now IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagobutIamgoingtobuyanew soon It用以指特定的前面提到过的事物 即 it和它替换的是同一个事物 it前无修饰语 而one用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物 因此 one之前或之后一定有修饰语来加以区别 3 It和one it one It引起的几个易混淆的时间句型It be 时间 since clause这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间 意为 自从 以来已多久了 Itisthreeyearssincehisfatherpassedaway It be 时间 before clause这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语 如 alongtime months weeks days hours minutes 主句中的谓语动词用肯定式 意为 过多长时间才 主句的谓语动词是否定式时 意为 没过多长时间就 主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时willbe 用was时 before从句的动词用一般过去时 用willbe时 before从句常用一般现在时 她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌 Itwas shelearnedthosepoemsbyheart 过了很久警察才来 Itwas thepolicearrived 要过好几个小时他才会作出决定 It hoursbeforehemakesadecision 要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的 beforemeetagain notlongbefore longbefore willbe Itwillnotbehours 3 It be 时间 when clause这个句型中 it指时间 而且表示时间的词语前没有介词 时间一般为具体时间 主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的 主句是willbe when从句用一般现在时代替将来时 Itwasalready8o clockwhenwegothome Itwasthenextmorningwhenwefinishedourwork Itwillbemidnightwhentheygetthere It be 时间 that clause这个句型是个强调句型 例如 Itwastwoyearsagothathemadeanimportantinvention 原句是 Itwasat5o clockthathepractisedplayingtheviolininthemorning 原句是 比较 Itwas5o clockwhenhestartedinthemorning 5o clock前没有介词 这是个定语从句 Hemadeanimportantinventiontwoyearsago Hepractisedplayingtheviolinat5o clockinthemorning It be time that clause这个句型属虚拟语气结构 不管主句中用的是is或was that从句都须用动词的过去式或should 动词原型 但不及用过去式普通 在time之前有时可加上high或about以加强语气 例如 Itistime that wehandedinourexercises Itistimethatweshouldhandinourexercises Itishightime that shewrotealettertoherboyfriend It This That thefirst second third time that clause这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历 关键是注意time前有序数词 主句是is时 从句要用现在完成时 如果主句用一般过去时was 则从句须相应地用过去完成时 例如 Thisisthefirsttime that theseEuropeans theGreatWall Itwasthefifthtime that I afriendlyvisittoAfrica hadpaid havevisited There起始的句型归纳 1 therelive stand lie exist Therelayaditchtwometreswideahead 2 Therecome go appear occur follow 用于描述某事的发生或某个动作的开始 Eg Therewillfollowabreakof10minutesandthenwewillgoonwiththelecture 3 Therebeing 独立主格结构 Eg Therebeingnothingleftinthefridge wehadtodosomeshoppingfirst 4 theretobe结构常见于动词intend mean consider hate want等词后 Eg Noonewouldexpecttheretobeawarinhiscountry Idon twanttheretobeanotheraccidentlikethis 结构 It 动词be 强调部分 who whom that 其他部分it可以用来对句子的某一成分加以强调 It用于强调句 Eg NancysawyoursisterinTokyolastweek ItwasNancywhosawyoursisterinTokyolastweek ItwasyoursisterwhomNancysawinTokyolastweek ItwasinTokyothatNancysawyoursisterlastweek ItwaslastweekthatNancysawyoursisterinTokyo 有些否定句也可以改成这种强调结构 Itwasn tuntillastsummerthatIheardfromher Ididn tdoallthisformyself Itwasn tformyselfthatIdidallthis 问句也可变成这种结构 Whocalledhim comrade Whowasitthatcalledhim comrade Howdidyouforgettolockthedoor Howwasitthatyouforgottolockthedoor Ex 把下列句子改为强调句 1 Tombrokethewindowlastnight 2 Theywantmoney 3 Petersawhisfriendintheparkyesterday 4 Ididn thaveanopportunityofseeingheragainforseveralyears 5 WhydoeseveryonethinkI mnarrow minded 6 Ididn treceivemyletteruntilyesterday 7 DidDickcallthemeetinglastweek 8 Didithappenin1980 Tom smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder but didn thelp A heB whichC sheD itAs happens Ihavebroughtmyumbrellawithme A itB thisC thatD such3 hasalreadybeenpointedout grammarisnotasetofdeadrules A AsB ItC ThatD This4 Itwassevenforty five hefinishedthework A whenB thatC whenD before D A A A 5 Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnight hedidn tcome A whyB thatC whenD which6 Does matterifhecan tfinishthejobontime A thisB thatC heD it7 Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries making themostpopularsportintheworld whichB thisC thatD it8 isnodoubtthathewillsucceedinhisexperiment A ItB ThisC ThatD There B D D D 9 Itworriedabit herhairwasturninggray A whileB thatC ifD for10 Itwasnot shetookoffherdarkglassesIrealizeds