A word of warning: Not all the keys provided here are correct. Use your brains!Unit 1 pp. 9-16P.9 Check Your Understanding: a-d: F e. TIn-Class Activities 1 f. Word has it theyre divorcing.a. Something he would talk aboutb. things that are said, contrasted with things that are done c. the promise one has maded. spoken command or signale. information f. piece of news; messageP10 2. (1) five criteria: Potential pause: The pause , which happens when you say a sentence, will tend to fall between words, and not within words.Indivisibility: The extra items will be added between the words and not within them.Minimal free forms: the smallest units of speech that can meaningfully stand on their own.Phonetic boundaries: It is sometimes possible to tell from the sound of a word where it begins or ends.Semantic units: each word in a sentence has a clear meaning. (2) Do you think these criteria are questionable in any way? Can they be applied to the identification of zi, the rough Chinese equivalent of the English “word”? No, as the above analysis explained. No, they cannot. For example, 流连and 蹒跚 are danchuci (单纯词) which cannot be analyzed independently. P11 3. (1) Suppose we want to know what are the ten most frequently used English words. What are they, as far as you can tell? How about Chinese? The, of, to, and, a, in, is, it, you, that 的、一、是、在、了、不、和、有、大、着3. (2) They are basically functional words. possessive words (of, 的) number words (a,一)copula words (is, 是)conjunctions (and, 和) and localizers (in, 在); English has the definite article the and several pronouns, you, that and it which are absent in Chinese. 4. words are arbitrary (i.e. not motivated) onomatopoeic words “sl-” is highly suggestive of the meaning of the words that contain it, such as “slide”, “slip”, and “slush”. (1) Babble, bang, grunt, splash; 噼啪、嗡嗡、滴滴哒、吱嘎吱No, these words are only a small part of English or Chinese vocabulary (2) Football and handball concern the body part which kick/pass the ball from one place to another, and basketball is named after a basket into which the ball is put.(3) People have bodily embedded knowledge to infer these motivations of such usage. The first example concerns the metaphor and second metonymy.(4) Some figurative usages are also highly motivated. For example: Necessity is the mother of invention. 5. British English (BE for short) and American English (AE for short) P13 (1) half, advance, advantage, after, answer, ask, glance, glass, grasp(2) grammatical differences: In American English we say “graduate from school”; while in British English, we say “leave school”. In American English, it has “put up price”, while in British English, it is “raise price”(3) distinctive spellings:For Chinese characters “博览会”, British English has “fair” while American English users trade show. “Lift and elevator” , and “autumn and fall” are more examples. (4) same words with different meanings: one billion/ first floor/ pantsone billion(Brit) the number 00 万亿之数(US) the number 1000000000十亿之数first floorIn British English the floor of a building at street level is the ground floor and the floor above that is the first floor.In US English the street-level floor is the first floor and the one above is the second floorpants(Brit) mens underpants; womens or childrens knickers(US) trousers6. Barack Obamas choice of words(1) Empathy means identification with and understanding of anothers situation, feelings.The ability to stand in somebody elses shoesSympathy is defined as feeling of pity and sorrow (for sb.)(2) Hope, according to Obama, is that something better is waiting for us if were willing to work for it and fight for it, if we are willing to believe. He differentiates hope from what is blind optimism or willful ignorance of the problems we face(3) “As fathers and parents”, why not as fathers and mothers: Open to discussionPost-Class Tasks1. functional words Like all who have held this office before me, I have experienced setbacks.There are things I would do differently if given the chance.Yet I have always acted with the best interests of our country in mind.I have followed my conscience and done what I thought was right.You may not agree with some tough decisions I have made.But I hope you can agree that I was willing to make the tough decisions.2. For example, we learn that “word” can be used to refer to “rumor”, and we know it means “rumor” in the sentence “The word is that hes left the country. (据说他已经离开这个国家了).” But actually, we will not write the sentence, esp., say the sentence in daily conversations. By this example, we show that receptive lexical knowledge concerns what you learned and productive lexical knowledge concerns what you would put into practice. Reading vocabulary may be the largest type of vocabulary, because you may recognize the meani