Unit 1 Great Scientists Section Grammar & Writing.完成句子用动词的过去分词形式完成下列句子1这是条被污染的河This is_2在事故中受伤的男孩被送到医院了。The boy_was taken to hospital.3被邀请去参加她的晚会我感到吃惊。I_to be invited to her party.4我喜欢吃加工好的肉。I like eating_5自从我离开这个城镇以来，这里几乎没有什么变化。There is_here since I left this town.【答案】1.a polluted river2.injured in the accident3.felt surprised4.processed meat5nothing changed.阅读理解AA British scientist whose schoolmasters told him he was too stupid to study the subject has been awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology for his pioneering work on cloning.At the age of 15，Prof Sir John Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at biology，and was in the bottom set in every other science subject.His master，Mr.Gaddum，was in fact a museum curator(解说员)by profession who had been hired to teach the lowestachieving pupils and was not in fact a particularly effective teacher.Though he had heard Gurdon was interested in doing science，he thought this was a completely ridiculous idea because there was no hope whatever of Gurdon doing science.After receiving the report Sir John said he switched his attention to classics and was offered a place to study at Christ Church，Oxford，but was allowed to switch courses and read zoology instead because of a mixup in the admissions office.It was at Oxford as a postgraduate student that he published his famous research on genetics and proved for the first time that every cell in the body contains the same genes.He did so by taking a cell from an adult frogs intestine(肠)，removing its genes and implanting them into an egg cell，which grew into a clone of the adult frog.Different from the previous studies by much more senior scientists，his idea was controversial(引起争议的)at the time and it was a decade before the thengraduate students work became widely accepted.But it led directly to the cloning of Dolly the Sheep by Prof Ian Wilmut in 1996.Later on Prof Yamanaka found adult cells can be“reprogrammed”into stem cells for use in medicine.Sir John professed to be unaware of the cash prize that awaits，but said he would most likely invest it in a fund he has previously set up to support PhD students during their fourth year of study.【语篇解读】获得2012年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的英国科学家约翰格登的生物课成绩曾经在250名同年龄的男生班中排最后一名，在其他科学类学科中成绩也都垫底，但是他没有放弃，最后取得了举世瞩目的成就。1Which of the following about Prof Sir John Gurdon is TRUE?AHe once worked as a good teacher in a primary school.BHe and his team cloned the cloning sheep Dolly in 1996.CHe is the first man to prove that every cell in the body contains the same genes.DHe and his schoolmasters won the Nobel Prize of 2012 in medicine or physiology.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知他并没有当过老师，因此选项A错误；根据倒数第二段可知是Prof Ian Wilmut克隆出克隆羊多利，因此选项B错误；根据第一段可知他的老师曾经认为他是非常愚蠢的学生，但Prof Sir John Gurdon获得了2012诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，并不是他和他的老师获得此项殊荣，因此选项D错误。根据第四段“It was at Oxford as a postgraduate student that he published his famous research on genetics and proved for the first time that every cell in the body contains the same genes.”可知选项C正确。【答案】C2Why did he once give up science subject to study classics?ABecause he showed great interest in classics.BBecause his schoolmaster told him to do so.CBecause its ridiculous to learn science subject.DBecause his teacher gave him a bad comment.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段末以及第三段首句“After receiving the report Sir John said he switched his attention to classics.”可知由于他老师的错误评价导致了他曾一度放弃了科学而专修古典文学，故本题选择D项。【答案】D3What will Prof Sir John Gurdon use the cash prize to do?ATo buy some scientific equipment.BTo support PhD students to study.CTo donate his money to the poor.DTo award the other famous scientists.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“.but said he would most likely invest it in a fund he has previously set up to support PhD students during their fourth year of study.”可知他要把诺贝尔奖金设立基金去帮助那些大学生，因此选项B符合。【答案】B4What can we infer from the passage?ANever say “die” to yourselves.BIts never too late to learn.CMisfortune may be an actual blessing.DMany hands make the work lighter.【解析】推理判断题。约翰格登曾一度对科学研究失去了兴趣，也曾一度在生物课成绩和其他科学类学科中成绩倒数，但是最终还是获得2012年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，由此可推断出任何时候都不要对自己丧失信心，故本题选择A项。【答案】ABDo you suppose Darwin，one of the greatest scientists of all time，really did foolish experiments？Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?Sometimes，people think they already know the answer to a question or the solution to a problem.Sometimes，they really do know an answer or a solution，but without thinking they are important.Charles Darwin didnt settle for(满足于)just thinking he knew something.And he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape.If you drop them at the same time in the same place，they will fall in the same way.Now make one of the sheets of paper into a t