UnitEight SectionALegalandMoralImplicationsofCloning TextStructureAnalysis Theessayfocusesononecentraltheme thelegalandmoralimplicationsofcloning Onecharacteristicwritingtechniquethatrunsthroughoutthepassageislisting Theessaylistsanumberofquestionsaboutthelegalandmoralimplicationsthatarisefromcloning Thewholeessaycanbedividedintofourparts Parts PartI PartII PartIII PartIV PartI PartOneisParagraph1 Itdetailswiththebackgroundsituationofthepassage Withthesuccessofcloninganadultmammal aworldwithhumancloneswassuddenlywithinreach Itwasjustlikesciencefictioncomingtolife PartII PartTwoismadeupoftwoparagraphs Paragraph2andParagraph3 Thetwoparagraphsareaboutthestrongandimmediateresponsestothebackgroundsituationmentionedinthefirstparagraph Cloninghasgeneratedalonglistofdifficultpuzzlesforscientists politiciansandphilosophers PartIII PartThreeisthemajorpartoftheessay consistingof15paragraphs fromParagraph4toParagraph18 Inthispartthewriterlistsasmanyas6puzzlesorquestionsontheissueofcloning Allthe6questionsareaboutthelegalandmoralimplicationsofcloning Wecanfindthatthequestionsareprovidedwithcompleteorpartialanswersfromtheup to dateknowledge PartIV ThefourthpartisParagraph19 whichisareiteration 重复 反复 thatthelistofquestionscouldgoonandpeoplearejustbeginningtowonderaboutthefutureoftheworldaftercloning withinreach 1 achievable attainable可获得的Thelow costmobilephoneputsinstantcommunicationwithinreachofmillions 低成本手机使数百万人能进行即时交流 2 closeenoughtoreach够得着的Putthedictionarywithinmyreach 请把辞典放在我够得着的地方 3 bealiveorvivid活跃起来 栩栩如生Thedullplayreallycametolifethroughtheperformanceoftheseyoungpeople 这几位青年人把这出乏味的戏演得着实生动 inthewakeof happeningafteraneventorasaresultofit随着 而来 作为 的结果Traderscameinthewakeoftheconqueringarmies 商人随着征服的军队而来 inthefirstplace 1 atfirst atthebeginning一开始 起初Carlpatchedhisoldfootballbutitsoonleakedagain Heshouldhaveboughtanewoneinthefirstplace 卡尔补好自己的旧足球 可是它很快又漏气了 他起初就该买一个新的 2 firstly首先 第一Inthefirstplace thisbusinessisprofitable 首先 这项生意能赚钱 fallinto bedividedinto belongto可分成 属于Thelectureseriesfallsnaturallyintothreeparts 系列讲座自然地分为三个部分 breakapart breakintopieces comeapart裂开 破裂Itjustbrokeapartinmyhands 它在我手上自行裂开了 intheory asageneralideawhichmaynotbetrueinreality从理论上讲Intheory threethingscouldhappen 在理论上有三种可能性 identicalto with exactlythesameas与 一模一样Ican tseeanydifferencebetweenthesetwopens Theysimplylookidenticaltoeachother 我看不出这两支笔有什么不同 andsoforth on usedattheendofalisttoshowthatyoucouldcontinueinthesameway等等Hewentonabouttheneedtoworkharder investmoreandsoforth 他继续谈论着要更加努力地工作 要进行更多的投资等等 Whatif Whatwouldhappenif 要是 怎么办Whatifyourplandoesn twork 要是你的计划不管用怎么办 with inmind whilethinkingaboutsb orsth 考虑到某人 事 Thesefamiliesneedsupport Withthisinmindagroupof35specialistsmetlastweekend 这些家庭需要帮助 为此35人的专家组上周末聚在了一起 getaround findawayofdealingwithaproblem成功地解决 克服Theadministrationgotaroundthisproblembyintroducinganewlaw 为了解决这个问题 政府出台了一项新的法令 referto 1 useaparticularword expression ornametomentionordescribesb orsth 称呼 叫Katehadreferredtohimasadearfriend 凯特称他为亲爱的朋友 2 mentionaparticularsubjectorperson提及 谈到Inhisspeech hereferredtohisrecenttriptoLondon 在他的讲话中 他提到他最近的伦敦之旅 underthenameof usinganamedifferentfromone sown用别名MunrowroteunderthenameofSaki 门罗以笔名沙奇从事写作 puzzleover thinkhardabout findtheanswerbythinkinghard绞尽脑汁 冥思苦想Ispenthourspuzzlingoverthethemeofthepoem 我对这首诗的主题想了几个小时 wonderabout thinkaboutsth inordertoknowmoreaboutit对 好奇 想知道 对 疑惑Isometimeswonderaboutmyoldfriend wheresheisnowandwhatshe sdoing 我有时会想起我的老朋友 想知道她现在在哪里 在做什么工作 LegalandMoralImplicationsofCloning Atfirstitwasjustplainsurprising Wordthatscientistssucceededincloninganadultmammal anachievementlongthoughtimpossible caughttheimaginationofeveryone ThelaboratoryprocessthatproducedDolly anunremarkable lookingsheep theoreticallywouldworkforhumansaswell Aworldwithhumancloneswassuddenlywithinreach Itwassciencefictioncomingtolife Paragraph2 Inthewakeofthisannouncement governmentshurriedtodraftguidelinesfortheunknown afuturefilledwithincrediblepossibilities PresidentClintonorderedanationalcommissiontostudythelegalandmoralimplicationsofcloning LeadersinEurope wheremostnationsalreadyprohibithumancloning beganexaminingthemoralimplicationsofcloningotherspecies Paragraph3 LiketheTheoryofRelativity thesplittingoftheatom andthefirstspaceflight Dolly sappearancehasgeneratedalonglistofdifficultpuzzlesforscientists politicians andphilosophers Andwildquestionsonthetopicofcloningcontinuetomount Paragraph4 5 Whywouldanyonewanttocloneahumanbeinginthefirstplace Thehumancloningsituationsthatexpertsconsidermostfrequentlyfallintotwobroadcategories 1 parentswhowanttocloneachild eithertoprovidetransplantsforadyingchildortoreplacethatchild and2 adultswhoforavarietyofreasonsmightwanttoclonethemselves Paragraph6 7 Willitbepossibletoclonethedead Perhaps ifthebodyisfresh saysoneexpert ThecloningmethodusedrequirescombininganeggcellwiththenucleusofacellcontainingtheDNAofthepersontobecloned DNAisaverylong ribbon likemoleculethatcontainsourgeneticinformation Andthatmeansthatthenucleusmustbeintact Cellsdieandthecellnucleusbegin