ExpectancyTheory 期望理论 Whatisexpectancytheory Expectancytheoryisafieldofstudyaboutemployeemotivation Accordingtothistheory thestrengthofatendencytoactinacertainwaydependsonthestrengthofanexpectationthatactwillbefollowedbyagivenoutcomeandontheattractivenessofthatoutcometotheindividual Inpracticalterms itsaysthatanemployeewillbemotivatedtoexertahighlevelofeffortwhenheorshebelievesthateffortwillleadtoagoodperformanceappraisal thatagoodperformanceappraisalwillleadtoorganizationalrewards thattherewardswillsatisfytheemployees personalgoals ExpectancyMode Individual effort 1 Individual performance Organization rewards 2 Personal goals 3 期望公式 激励取决于对行动结果的价值评价和其对应的期望值的乘积 M VEM motivation 激发人内部潜力的强度 V valence 效价 E expectancy 对实现该目标可能性大小的主观评估即期望值 利用期望理论来分析对某种奖金制度是否有激励作用 激励力量 M 效价 v 期望值 E 效价高 V高 对奖金感兴趣 效价低 V低 对奖金不感兴趣 期望值高 E高 努力工作取得奖金的可能性大 期望值低 E低 努力工作取得奖金的可能性不大 M EV有很高的激励力量来实施拿奖金的计划 M EV激励弱 可通过提高员工的素质或改善工作条件 M EV激励弱 可寻求其他激励办法 M EV激励最弱 可采取新的奖励制度和改善工作条件 Application Thetheoryfocusedonperformancevariables 变量 Ithasprovedtoofferarelativelypowerfulexplanation 说明 ofemployeeproductivity 生产率 absenteeism 缺勤 andturnover 营业额 Butthetheoryassumes 假定 thatemployeeshavefewconstraints 约束 ontheirdecisiondiscretion 判断力 Itmakesmanyofthesameassumptions 假设 thattherationalmodelmakesaboutindividualdecisionmaking Thisactstorestrict 约束 itsapplicable 可适用性 Wecanconclude thetheory spowerinexplainingemployeeproductivityincreaseswhenthejobsbeingperformedaremorecomplexandhigherintheorganization Rational thinking Thankyouforyourattention