虚拟语气的 四种形式 及 三点注意 虚拟语气 作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象 一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点 但对于中国学生来说 它又是一个难点 无怪乎许多学生学完虚拟语气后 常常会叹道 Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood English mucheasier A willbeB wouldhavebeenC couldhavebeenD wouldbe 一 掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式 1 条件从句 主句 2 几个常用虚拟语气的句型 3 wish asif及ifonly的虚拟形式 4 Itistimethat的虚拟形式二 注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象 1 含蓄条件句 2 时间错综句 3 虚实错综句 注意 If可能被省略 从句要倒装 Weresheincharge Ifshewereincharge shewoulddothingsdifferently HadIknownyouraddress IfIhadknownyouraddress Iwouldhavewrittenbefore Shouldyouchangeyourmind Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind noonewouldblameyou 1 Therice ifyouhadbeenmorecareful A wouldnotbeburningB wouldnotburnC wouldnothaveburntD wouldnotburnt2 Ifmylawyer herelastSaturday he mefromgoing A hadbeen wouldhavepreventedB hadbeen wouldpreventC were wouldpreventD were wouldhaveprevented3 Ididn tseeyoursisteratthemeeting Ifshe shewouldhavemetmybrother A hascomeB didcomeC cameD hadcome4 forthefreetickets Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften A IfitisnotB WereitnotC HaditnotbeenD Iftheyhavenot5 Youdidn tletmedrive Ifwe inturn you sotired A drove didn tgetB drove wouldn tgetC weredriving wouldn tgetD haddriven wouldn thavegot 6 Ifshehadworkedharder she A wouldsucceedB hadsucceededC shouldsucceedD wouldhavesucceed7 Ifhe he thatfood Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately A waswarned wouldnottakeB hadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakenC wouldbewarned hadnottakenD wouldhavebeenwarned hadnottaken8 Ifit tomorrow theywouldnotgotherebybike A willrainB rainsC wouldrainD shouldrain9 itraintomorrow wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge A WereB ShouldC WouldD Will10 IfI you Iwouldnotdoit A amB wereC shallbeD being 1 动词 宾语从句一个坚持 insist 两个命令 order command 三个建议 suggest propose advise 四个要求 desire demand ask requireIproposethatwe should setadeadlineforhandingintheplans Isuggestthatwe should setoffatonce Iinsistedthatwe should decidewhattodowithhim 虚拟语气形式 should 动词原形 2 Itis was 上述动词的过去分词 that主语从句Itisdemandedthathe should leaveatonce Itisrequestedthatshe should giveaperformanceattheparty 3 Itis was important necessary better strange surprising natural possible apity nowonder that主语从句Itisbestthathe should setoffatonce Itisimportantthateverybody should betoldallthefacts 虚拟语气形式 should 动词原形 4 order等 be 表语从句Myadviceisthatwe should sendforadoctor Oursuggestionisthatyou should befirsttogo Hisonlyrequestisthatyou should givehimmoretime 5 order等 同位语从句Doyouknowtheorderthatyou should keepwatch 上述结构中常用的名词有 suggestion order proposal plan idea command request等 虚拟语气形式 should 动词原形 Wesuggestthatwe should haveameeting Weinsistedthatthey should gowithus 记住 insist suggest各有两种意思 要用不同的语气insist表示将来的动作时 用虚拟形式 insist表示状态或过去的动作时 用陈述语气 suggest表示 建议 时 用虚拟形式 suggest表示 表明 暗示 时 用陈述语气 1 Iinsistthatadoctor immediately A hasbeensentforB sendsforC willbesentforD besentfor2 Itissuggestedthatthejob doneinanotherway A wasB wastobeC beD mustbe3 Hehadanideathatwe bybike A shallgoB goC wentD wouldgo4 Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting offtilltomorrow A toputB beputC shouldputD beputting 5 Theyoungmaninsistedthathe nothingwrongand free A did setB haddone shouldbesetC do besetD does wouldbeset6 Itisnecessarythatyou presentatthediscussion A willbeB areC shouldbeD wouldbe7 Thebossgaveordersthatthework atonce A willbestartedB mustbestartedC bestartedD shouldstart8 Theguardthereinsistedthateverybody therules A obeysB obeyC willobeyD wouldobey wish asif以及ifonly的虚拟形式 这几个词 词组 表虚拟时 其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同 即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态 随 时 变化的几种用法 1 IwishI youyesterday A seenB didseeC hadseenD weretosee2 Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken3 I dratherthatyou thereyesterdayand againnextweekend A went shouldcomeB shouldgo hadcomeC hadgone cameD go come4 Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey friendsforyears A shouldbeB wouldbeC havebeenD hadbeen5 Iblamedheryesterday Iwouldratheryou that A didn tdoB hadn tdoneC wouldn tdoD shouldn tdo6 Heisaverybraveman Yes IwishI hiscourage A haveB hadC willhaveD wouldhave Itistimethat的虚拟形式Itistimethat Itishightimethat Itisabouttimethat 谓语动词的虚拟形式为 动词过去式 be多为were should do Itistime还可以有其他句型形式 需注意辨析 Itistime forsb todosth Itistimeforsth doingsth Itisthefirsttimethat 从句用陈述语气的现在完成时 1 Itishightimeyou thebus A hadcaughtB caughtC willcatchD catch2 It sabouttimehe todothework A beginsB willbeginC beginD began3 It shightimethatwe toschool A wouldgoB wentC goD willgo4 Itistimewe upourresults A sumB summedC willsumD wouldsum 一 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中 从句不表现出来 这时 必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词 并依据前文所列举的四种现象 来判断此时须采用的形式 1 Withoutelectricity humanlife quitedifferenttoday A isB willbeC wouldhavebeenD wouldbe2 YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion Otherwise she somethingshewouldregretlater A hadsaidB saidC mightsayD mighthavesaid Withoutelectricity Iftherewerenoelectricity 二 时间错综句从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致 在这种情况下 我们切不可照搬某种形式 而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系 再选择相应的虚拟形式 例如 Ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday youwouldbetirednow 1 Iftheflowerhadbeenwatered it now A wouldn tdieB isdeadC hadbeendeadD willnotdie2 Ifhistelevisionsethadnotbeenstolenyesterday he TVnow A wouldwatchB wouldhavewatchedC would