厌氧消化技术 TechnologyofAnaerobicDigestion 张无敌 2009 11 16 E mail wooti 云南师范大学省农村能源工程重点实验室 Part2 1 主要内容 1 History2 Three stageofAnaerobicDigestion3 RuralBiogas4 BiogasEngineering 2 1 History In1630 vanHelment thefirstmannotedbiogasIn1776 A Voltadiscovered flammableair In1806 W Henrypointedout flammableair isCH4In1808 H DavyproducedmanuregaswithcowdungIn1866 BechampthinkmethaneproductionisamicrobialprocessIn1875 PopoffresearchedmethanefermentationIn1883 Gayonresearchedanaerobicdigestion 3 Inthelastof19th LouisMourasbuiltthefirstdigestertreatingwastewaterinFrance In1896 ExeterofBritainbuiltdigestertreatingsewage sludgegasusedforlightingstreet In1900 MatungaofIndiabuiltbiogasdigesterwithhumanexcrementasfeedstock 4 In1901 S hngenbroughtforwardtheconceptofmethanebacteria In1916 OmelianskyfirstisolatedastrainofmethanebacteriaMethanobacteriumomelianskii In1930 1934 vanNielbroughtforwardatheoryofcarbondioxidereductionmethane 4H2A 4A 8HCO2 8H CH4 2H2OTotalreaction 4H2A CO2 4A CH4 2H2OIn1936 usingchemicallysynthesizedmediatocultureriversludge Barkerobtainedakindofmicroorganismbeingbettersuitableforfermentationofalcohol propanolandbutanol Atthesametime Heukelekian Heinmannreportedatechniqueforcalculatingthenumberofmethanebacteria 5 In1948 Buswell Sollofoundedouttheoryofdirectconversionfrommethylgrouptomethane 14CH3COOH 14CH4 CO2CD3COOH H2O CD3H CO2 H2O4CH3OH D2O 3CH3D CO2 In1956 Barker shypothesis itisthoughtthatmethaneisformedthroughtwopathways Duringtheprocess methylgroupofaceticacidisdirectlyreducedtomethaneandthatcarboxylgroupofaceticacidisconvertedtocarbondioxide andthenthelatterisagainreducedtoformmethane 6 In1940 H A Barkerfirstisolatedandcultivatedmethanogenswithbarkertube In1950 R E Hungateestablishedanaerobictechniquewhichgreatlycontributedtotheresearchofmethanogens In1965 HungatetechniquewasdevelopedbyBryant In1967 BryantpurifiedMethanobacteriumomelianskiiandidentifiedit beingaunionofMethanobacteriumMOHand S organicstrain theunionisinterspeciesH2 transfer 7 A p pH OH K2CO3Tube Barker1940 B HungateRollTube 1950 C HungateBeefSoupTube 1960 D BalchTube 1976 A B C D 8 In1956 Methanobacteriaceaewasfirstsummedupinonefamily including4generaand9speciesbyBarkerIn1974 intheBergy sManualofDeterminativeBacteriology 8thedition methanogenwassummedupinonefamily including3generaand9speciesIn1979 W E Balch 3orders 4families 7generaand13speciesIn1988 InternationalSocietyofMethanogenicClassificationwasfoundedIn1989 Bergy sManualofDeterminativeBacteriology 9thedition 3orders 6families 13generaand43speciesIn1989 R D Boone 3orders 6families 16generaand55speciesIn1990 J L Garcia 3orders 7families 20generaand70speciesIn1993 R D Boone 5orders 10families 25generaand59speciesIn2001 Bergy sManualofSystematicBacteriology 2thedition 5orders 10families 26generaand78species 9 In1955 G J Schroepferdevelopedanaerobiccontact AC process Biogas Feeding Sludgecircumfluence Sedimentationpool 10 In1961 W W Eckenfelderproposedafour stepprocess hydrolysis acidification aciddecayingandmethaneproductionIn1962 R E Mckinneyproposedatwo stepprocess acid producingandgas producingIn1967 O W Lawrence P L McCartyproposedathree stepprocess hydrolysis hydrogenandacidproduction andgasormethaneproduction 11 In1969 Young McCartydevelopedAnaerobicFilter AF withorganicwastewater ithasbeen1972 Biogas Feeding Filling Effluence 12 In1971 S GhoshofAmericananaerobicdigestiveexpectdevelopedTwo phaseAnaerobicDigesterProcess Biogas Feeding Acidized Separating Methanefermentation Effluence 13 In1974 Prof G Lettinga AgriculturalUniversityofWageningen DepartmentofWaterPollutionControl developedUpflowanaerobicsludgebed UASB UASBhasbeenapplicationsince1977 14 In1981 developedExpandedGranularSledgeBed EGSB 15 In1985 PAQUESBVCompanyofNetherlands developedInternalCirculation IC 16 G1Reactor HRT SRT MRTAnaerobicContact CompleteStirredTankReactor G2Reactor SRT MRT HRTAF UASB G3Reactor contactmaterialsandsludgeIC EGSB 17 In1970 thecoenzymeM CoM wasdiscoveredwithMethanobacteriumMOHstrainbyMcBride R S Wolfe In1972 thefactor420 F420 wasdiscoveredwithMethanobacteriumMOHstrainbyP Cheesemanetc In1974 Taylor R S WolfehaveconfirmedtheCoMstructure 18 In1977 Abrilliantconcept ArchaebacteriahasbeenraisedbyateamheadedbyCarl R Woese Illinois University America 19 In1978 L D Erichetc haveconfirmedtheF420structure In1978 R P Gunsalus R S Wolfeseparatedtogetthefactor430 F430 fromMethanobacteriumthermoautotrophicum Hstrain 20 21 B 22 正常脂质与古细菌脂质的比较 23 肽聚糖与假肽聚糖初级结构的比较 24 In1978 Tornabeneetc havefirstresearchedlipidsofmethanogens Archaeol Caldarchaeol 25 Macrocylicarchaeol sn 3hydroxyarchaeol 26 sn 2hydroxyarchaeol 27 28 In1983 M Thomm A G Wood L Meilehaveseparatedtogetthreeplasmidsfrommethanogens pMP1comefromMethanococcusstrainPL 12 M 29 pME2001comefromMethanobacteriumthermoautotrophicumstrainDSM2133 30 pUR500comefromMethanoC5 31 CarlR Woese BacterialEvolution Microbio Rev 1987 51 221 271Thispaperissymbolofestablishingmodernclassificationofbacteria In1992 CarlR WoesechangedArchaebacteriatoArchaeon itmeansArc