Adverbial Clauses,1. 什么是状语： 在句中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分被称为状语。如： He works very hard. He is real handsome. 2.什么是状语从句： 用作状语的句子被称为状语从句。,really,1.Adverbial Clauses of Time: （时间状语从句）,3.Different Kinds of Adverbial Clauses:,2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason (原因状语从句）,3.Adverbial Clauses of Conditions (条件状语从句）,4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (地点状语从句）,5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的状语从句）,6.Adverbial Clauses of Result （结果状语从句）,7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison（比较状语从句）,8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession (让步状语从句）,9.Adverb Clauses of Manner (方式状语从句 ),4. 位置 ： 主前从后亲密没够， 从前主后得有小逗， 从在主中需俩逗逗。 I was reading a book when he came in. When he came in, I was reading a book. I was, when he came in, reading a book.,一。时间状语从句,when while as,before after till/until since,as soon as,普 通 连 词,特 殊 连 词,the moment the minute the second the instant,every/each time next time any time by the time the first time,immediately directly instantly,一.When 的用法 When 即可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引到一个短暂行动作。 可用以表示主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句。（从主） (从句动词可延续也可非延续) I was thin when I was a child. The film had been on when we arrived.,2. be about to do when be doing when be on ones way when be on the point of doing when had just done when 以上句式中的“when”译为“这时或那时” 不可以用其它连词替换。 a.The telephone was ringing when I got home. b. I was about to go to bed when he came back.,We were just _ calling him up _ he came in. about ; when B. on the point of ; while C. on the point of ; when D. on the point of ; as,I was walking down the street while I heard someone calling for help.,when,正要.的时候,3. When 引导条件状语从句相当于if How can I explain it to you when / if you wont listen. When you read it again, the meaning will become clearer to you.,二. While 的用法 1. 必须引导持续性动作，强调在一段时间内，主句和从句动作同时发生。 My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. Please dont talk so loud while others are working.,2. “然而” 表示对比。 I like watching TV while he likes reading.,3. 引导让步状语从句 “ 虽然、尽管” While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是看到了他的缺点。 4. 引导条件状语从句 “只要” While we are here, dont worry.,三. As 的引导时间状语从句的用法 “随着” “一边一边” “当” 强调动作同时发生，无先后,.,1. As I get older, I get more optimistic. 随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。 2. He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边往后看。 3. As he was going out, it began to rain. 当他出去时开始下雨了。,“as”可以引导的其它状语从句： Young as he is ,he knows a lot. （ 让步） As he wasnt ready in time, we went without him. （原因） Do as I told you. / do as you like. （ 方式 ） He is as old as I /me. （ 比较 ）,连接词when, while, as的用法区别： 1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的， 而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是非延续的动词。如： When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。 如： When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.,3表示“随着,一边一边”，连词用as. 如： As the election approached, the violence got worse. 随着选举的临近，暴力愈演愈烈。 4如果主句谓动是非延续性的， 而从句谓动是延续性动词并使用进行时态时，when, while与as 可互换使用。 如：When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.,四.Before 的多种翻译方式： 在之前 2. 在It +be+短时间+before句型中 主句是肯定句式时：“ （多久之后）才 ” 主句是否定句式时： “（过不了多久）就” 3. “还没来得及，就” 4. “趁”,Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone. 在.之前 It will be 5 years before he returns to his motherland. 多久之后才 We waited a long time before he came out. 多久之后才 4. It wont be long before we meet again. 过不了多久就 5. He died before he wrote a will. 还没来得及 6. Catch him before he escapes. 趁着 7. Please write it down before you forget it. 趁着,五. till, until和notuntil： 1. 主句是肯定句时，主句的动词必是延续性动词，表示“主句动作或状态一直持续到从句动词发生才停止”。从句引导词是 till/until都行。如： We waited until/till he came. 2主句是否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，表示“主句动作直到从句动词发生才开始”，从句引导词通常用until。如： He wont go to bed until she returns.,3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法： Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.,倒装,六. Since 的用法,since + 时间 since then ever since It is/has been + 时间段 since did 译为 “既然”时引导原因状从,主句谓动用现在完成时，从句谓动用一般过去时，译为 “自从”,Mr li has been here since 1998. Mr li has been here since he came back. Its/has been two years since we arrived here. It is three years since he lived here. 他不在这儿住三年了。 It is two years since he smoked . 他不吸烟已有两年了。 It is two years since he began to smoke. 他吸烟有两年了。,as soon as,the moment the minute the second the instant,immediately directly instantly no sooner than hardly/scarcelywhen,七. 可以译为 “一就”的连词,1. As soon as he arrives, I will tell him. 2. The moment I saw him, I recognized him. 3. I left immediately the clock struck 5. 4. I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 5. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.,时态、搭配、倒装,一些含有time的名词短语可以引导时间状语 1. Next time you come, please bring your composition 2. The first time I climbed onto the wa