中國銀行業發展現況及台資銀行登陸之可能模式分析The Current Situation of Chinas Banking Industry and Possible Modes of Taiwanese Banks Investing in China 朱浩民Haumin Chu 政治大學金融學系(所)教授 摘要1979年改革開放後，中國金融體制進行了大幅調整，政策逐漸鬆綁，各類金融機構紛紛設立與改型，外資銀行也重返大陸，金融發展漸具雛型，2001年底中國加入WTO，市場循序對外開放，外國金融機構前僕後繼，搶進登陸，隨著2006年底中國對WTO金融市場開放承諾事項的完全實施，外資銀行必將加速進入大陸，大陸本國銀行將面臨嚴重的威脅，而台資銀行卻因為受政策之限制，目前僅在大陸成立辦事處，還未能設立營業性機構，商機逐漸流失。本文首先介紹大陸銀行業的改革、現況與未來發展，接著彙整了中國對外資銀行開放的相關法令，並扼要說明外資銀行在中國大陸的發展情形，最後討論未來台灣銀行業赴大陸投資的可能途徑。關鍵詞：外資銀行、台灣銀行業、中國投資、WTO Abstract The financial system of China has gone through big adjustments after 1979s economic reform. With the deregulation of government policies, various types of financial institutions burgeoned and foreign banks returned gradually. After joining the WTO in December 2001, Chinese financial market opens to outsiders with schedule and foreign institutions begin rushing into the market. As the deadline of opening market to foreign countries becomes closer and closer, foreign banks investing in China accelerate. However, the Taiwanese banks are allowed only to set up representative offices but cannot open the business branches in China right now, and the business advantage of banks is losing gradually. The paper first introduces recent reforms of Chinas banking industry, and discusses its current situation and future development. Next, the paper summarizes financial laws of China regarding to opening the market to foreign banking industry and presents the current situation of foreign banks over there. Finally, this paper discusses possible modes of Taiwanese banks investing in Mainland China.Keywords: foreign bank, Taiwan banking industry, investment in China, WTO Executive SummaryThe financial system of China has gone through big adjustments after 1979s economic reform. With the deregulation of government policies, various types of financial institutions burgeoned and foreign banks returned gradually. After the development of over twenty years, Chinas banking industry is now quite similar to modern western countries, and is composed of three policy banks, four state-owned commercial banks, thirteen joint stock commercial banks, one hundred and seventeen city commercial banks, forty-three rural commercial banks, thousands of urban and rural credit cooperatives, and postal savings bureau. The financial market of China accelerates opening to outsiders after joining the WTO in December 2001, and foreign institutions begin rushing into the market. As the complete opening deadline of Chinese financial market to foreign countries becomes closer and closer, foreign banks flush into China. Till the end of 2005, there are 254 business branches of foreign banks in China, 154 of them have acquired the local RMB licenses. In the near future, foreign financial institutions will continue pouring into the Chinese market without hesitation. However, under the constraint of the local government policy, the Taiwanese banks are allowed only to set up representative offices but cannot open the business branches in China right now, and the business advantage of banks is losing gradually. In the present, there are only seven representative offices of Taiwanese banks in China, all are waiting for the lifting of the ban by the government. The Taiwanese banks are very eager to invest in China yet they are still waiting. According to the statistics, over one-half of listed companies in Taiwan have gone to China, and there are also about forty thousands of Taiwan business firms investing there. Taiwanese banks are afraid of losing their customers if they are still not allowed to invest in China. Moreover, even the Taiwanese banks are able to invest in China right away; maybe it is already too late as foreign banks have already grasped the business advantage. Six possible modes of investment in China are discussed in this paper including: 1)opening the business branch directly, 2)setting up an independent bank directly, 3)direct equity investment in Chinese bank, 4)entering the market indirectly, 5)establishing business cooperation with Chinese bank, 6)entering the market with other foreign banks. Each investment mode has merits and shortcomings, however, the common views by the banks are lifting the ban as soon as possible so that they can extend their business in China quickly.This paper first introduces recent reforms of Chinese banking industry, and discusses its current situation and future development. Next, the paper summarizes financial laws of China regarding to opening the market to foreign banking industry and presents the current situation of foreign banks over there. Finally, this paper proposes possible modes of Taiwanese banks investing in Mainland China and discusses their merits and shortcomings. Hopefully, this research can cast some in