Rating the Sustainability of Urban Development,Comparing LEED for Neighborhood Development and CASBEE Machizukuri Lessons for China,Daniel Benjamin Abramson, PhD University of Washington abramsonu.washington.edu Takahiro Tanaka, PhD Kobe University tanakakobe-u.ac.jp,3rd International Conference on Chinas Urban Development and Planning and 2nd International Association for China Planning (IACP) Conference Langfang, Hebei, China, 19th-20th June 2008,Why use rating systems for sustainable development?,To know what an “ecological” building or city is for developers and building industry: to gain credit for investing in sustainable building practices and materials for government or civic activists: to regulate or encourage sustainable practices for consumers: to allow comparison of different products (buildings),Why compare different rating systems?,to determine “the best” system (technical) to know what an “ecological city” isin a particular place (phenomenological) to understand the relationship between rating systems and their context Climate, geography, plant and animal life, etc. Economy, institutions, culture, politics,LEED and CASBEE Proponents,LEED: U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) Industry Non-profit NGOs Government agencies Individual consumers and activists Certification: by USGBC,CASBEE: Japan Sustainable Building Consortium (JSBC) Government Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Industry Academia Certification: by Institute for Built Environment & Energy Conservation (IBEC),Two Rating Systems,U.S.: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) points system based on a checklist of good practice award levels: Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum Started 1998 Japan: Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency (CASBEE) ratio based on calculating both environmental quality (Q) and load (L) Started 2001,1. Eco-Efficiency = 2. Revised definition = 3. BEE in CASBEE =,Values of products or services Environmental load unit,Beneficial output Input + non-beneficial output,Building environmental Quality and performance Building environmental Loadings,CASBEE: From Eco-Efficiency To BEE (Building Environmental Efficiency),Source: Iwamura, Kazuo, “The Movement towards Sustainable Buildings in Japan,” 2005 WGBC Congress in San Francisco, June 1, 2005. http:/www.architectes.org/telechargement/DD/Presentation_CASBEEanglais.ppt,The Hypothetical Boundary,(Neighboring building),(Neighboring building),Assessment category “L” as negative impact outside the boundary,Assessment category “Q” as positive impact inside the boundary,Source: Iwamura, Kazuo, “The Movement towards Sustainable Buildings in Japan,” 2005 WGBC Congress in San Francisco, June 1, 2005. http:/www.architectes.org/telechargement/DD/Presentation_CASBEEanglais.ppt,Basic Idea of CASBEE (contd),Assessment result is finally indicated in terms of BEE = Q / L BEE: Building Environmental Efficiency Q : Building Environmental Quality & Performance L : Building Environmental Loadings,Source: Iwamura, Kazuo, “The Movement towards Sustainable Buildings in Japan,” 2005 WGBC Congress in San Francisco, June 1, 2005. http:/www.architectes.org/telechargement/DD/Presentation_CASBEEanglais.ppt,“BEE Graphical Display”,Q = 25 (SQ - 1), L = 25 (5 - SLR) SQ: Total score of Q categories, SLR: Total score of L categories,50,100,0,50,100,C,B+,A,S,BEE=1.5,BEE=3.0,BEE=0.5,L,Q,B-,BEE=1.0,(Very sustainable),(Unsustainable),30,60,BEE=2.0,B-,福岡 日本設計竹中工務店（1995）,三井倉庫箱崎 竹中工務店（1989）,LEED/CASBEE for Neighborhood Development/Machizukuri,Both programs still in pilot stage LEED-ND has registered 238 projects, including 5 in China,LEED-ND/CASBEE-UD higher-level criteria,LEED-ND Smart Location & Linkage Neighborhood Pattern & Design Green Construction & Technology Innovation & Process,CASBEE-UD Q (Quality) Natural Environment (Microclimate and Ecosystem) Neighborhoods Service Quality Contribution to Local Society (History, Culture, Landscape and Regional Vitalizing) L (Load) Impacts to Microclimate and/or Outside Public Infrastructure Local Environmental Management,CASBEE Machizukuri project in Harumi, Tokyo,CASBEE Machizukuri project in Hibiya, Tokyo,LEED-ND in South Lake Union, Seattle,How does SLU performeven before planned redevelopment?,Public government-built park,Semi-public community-built vegetable garden,Private developer-built LEED Silver building,LEED-ND in Beijing? Linked Hybrid,Is a sustainable city the same as a sustainable building?,How should a rating system change as it rates larger-scale projects? Considerations of greater complexity and internal variation: ecosystems population composition and activity ownership and control time horizon(s) political and economic interests,LEED and CASBEE,