M7U1 Grammar 导学案(Prepositions and prepositional phrases)Learning aims(学习目标): To review the usage of some common prepositions to express time, place, and -movementTo learn that prepositions can be combined with verbs, nouns, and adjectives to form prepositional phrasesImportant points(学习重点) ：To learn how to use some common prepositions and prepositional phrases in different situationsDifficult points(学习难点)：To apply what they have learnt to practice by fulfilling some written tasksLearning guides( 方法导引)：compare, deduce and practiceLearning procedure（学习过程）:Step 1 Lead-in The household appliance section is on the fifth floor.Electrical appliances are useful for keeping our daily lives easyDont look out of the window in class.1) Whats the part of speed of the words in bold?2) Where are they put, before a noun or after a noun?3) What are they used to express?Step 2 Prepositions of TimePrepositions like at, in, on, for, by and since can be used to express time. Others of time include _, etc.1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following day, on May Day, on a warm morning等。2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.1. Regular public TV broadcasting began_1928.2. The first record players only played a record _two minutes.3. _1967, most TV broadcasts were in color.4 He invited me to a dance after the show_ Christmas Eve. (2009陕西) Aat Bon Cin Dby5 _ when has the country been open to international trade? （2007 陕西卷）1978, I suppose.A. Since B. In C. From D. AfterStep3 Prepositions of Placeat, in and on can be used as prepositions of place. Other prepositions of place include _etc.1、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.2、表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.3、表示“穿过”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.1) Ill meet you _ the department store.2) Wang Li is _ a media and technology exhibition.3) This new type of TV can be hung _ the wall.4) The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (2009江西)A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which5) Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair.（08安徽卷）A. on B. off C. into D. toStep4 Prepositions of MovementThe preposition to is often used to show movement. Other prepositions of movement include _ etc.1) The invention of the transistor led _ the development of cassette recorders.2) When autumn comes, many leaves fall _ the tree.3) We walked _ the Tian An Men Square _ the Museum of Chinese History.A. across ;to B. through;by C.by ;on D.past;at4) Lets walk over _the shop on the other side of the street. A. in B. to C. under D. by Tips:Exceptions:1. We usually say in the morning/afternoon/evening, but when we talk about morning/afternoon/evening of a particular day, we use on instead of in.2. We say on a bus/train/plane but in a car/taxi.Step5: Prepositional Phrases Prepositions with Verbs Many prepositions are combined with verbs to form prepositional verbs, e.g., agree with, look for, look into, head for and stand for, etc.1) The ship set sail and headed for Shanghai.2) MD stands for MiniDisc. Prepositions with NounsPrepositions can also be combined with nouns, e.g., in time for, by means of, by accident/mistake, for/on sale, on the market, in that case and up to date, etc.1) When will the new model be on sale?2) This technology is quite up to date. Prepositions with AdjectivesSome prepositions are also combined with adjectives, e.g., good at, capable of, fond of, satisfied/happy with, etc.1) The program is capable of calculating our bu