高三英语第一轮复习：高考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：高考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致教学过程一、名词作主语（1）某些集体名词，如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有audience, class, club, company, crew, enemy, crowd, government, group, party, public, team等，a group/crowd of 复数名词等短语也适合上述情况，population 前有分数时即“分数of the population”谓语为复数，而the population作主语，谓语为单数。（2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：The police are searching for the thief.（3）单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there. / Some sheep are over there.这类名词有：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese.（4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等。作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is across the street. / My uncles is not far from here.常见的省略名词有：the bakers, the barbers, the carpenters, the Zhangs等。（5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Three years has passed since then.（6）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的单数名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl _ （want）to go to the cinema.（7）如果主语由more than one . 或 many a . 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student _ （have ）read the book. / Many a girl _ （have ）been there.但是，“more复数名词than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one _ （be ）against your plan.（8）一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of, a series of 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes _ （be）on the desk.（9）this kind of booka book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of menmen of this kind /these kind of men（口语，这一类人），但this kind of men 的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind 和 these kind of men 的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of 后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：This kind of men _ （be ）dangerous. / Men of this kind_ （be ）dangerous.（10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法）, works（工厂）, species（种类）, Chinese, Japanese等。如：The （This）glass works was set up in 1980. 这家玻璃厂建于1980年。The （These）glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近）当它们前面有a, such a, this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means, no means, the means等词前没有以上修饰词时,可用作单数，也可用作复数。（11）如果名词词组中心词是all（all指人为复数，指物为单数），most, half, rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates _（like）music. / All of the water_ （be）gone.（12）在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows _（hang）a picture.二、由连接词连接的名词作主语（1）用and或both . and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Plastics and rubber never rot. / Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：Truth and honesty is the best policy. / The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. / A knife and fork is on the table.（2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was in the library.（3）以or, either . or, neither . nor, not only . but also 等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Tom or his brothers_ （be）waiting in the room. / Either you or he _ （be）to go.三、代词作主语（1）名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：Ours （Our Party）is a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine （my shoes）are brown.（2）such, the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：Such is our plan. Such are his words.（3）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Those who _ （want）to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that_ （be）used by man comes from the sun.（4）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu. / Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu.Which is （are）your book（s）? / What produce（s）heat?（5）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all, some, more 等作主语时，有以下两种情况：单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。如：Now all has been changed. All are present.either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：Do（es）any of you know his address? / None of them has（have）seen the film.四、分数、量词作主语（1）“分数或百分数名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如：Lots of damage_ （were / was）caused by fire.About three fourths of the earths surface_ （be）covered with water.Three fifths of the workers here _ （be）women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of名词复数”，但是，“the number of名词”的中心词却是number，试比较：A number of students have gone home. / The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意：（large）quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：Quantities of food（nuts）were on the table.短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。（2）a great de