基础写作训练,一.基础写作基本要求I.基础写作考我们什么能力?A.信息处理或整理的能力;如:信息之间能否合并为逻辑关系或处理先后顺序等B.组词造句能力;如内容和语言表达的准确性和合适性C.连句成文能力;信息内容的完整性和连贯性,A.如何处理或整理信息?1.存在问题,Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagency.Firstofall,thelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandconsideratetoalltourists，especiallytotheolderpeople.,(1)IamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagencyandthelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandconsideratetoalltourists，especiallytotheolderpeople.,错误诊断：总体信息和细节信息不能合并,(2)However,thefoodprovidedintherestaurantdidntagreewithmanyofus.Quiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.错误诊断：因果关系的信息合并However,thefoodprovidedintherestaurantdidntagreewithmanyofusandquiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.(Hehadahighfeverandwenttoseethedoctor.),(3)Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagency,thelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiastic,hecouldconcernoldmeninourgroup.错误诊断：一逗到底”的中式英语表达导致信息表达出现问题，不能用多个简单句表达多个不同类型的信息内容。Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagency.ThelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandhecouldconcernoldmeninourgroup.,II.如何处理或整理信息?一、按信息内容或逻辑关系分为五大信息块；whowhatwhywhenwhere二、一个完整的信息用一个句子来表达；三、信息之间如果存在逻辑关系就应该合并，但如果它们之间没有逻辑关系就不能随便合并。四、总体信息和细节信息不能合并；五、要正确使用标点符号避免影响信息的正确表达,B.组词造句能力;如内容和语言表达的准确性和合适性旅行社travelagency2.食物不合味口thefooddidntagreewithus3.他讲解清晰,生动。Heexplainedeverythingabouttheplacesinaclearandlivelyway.Hisexplanationaboutthoseplacesofinterestwasveryclearandvivid.,4.货真价实的购物场所theshopswherewecouldbuygoodbargainstheshopswherewecouldbuynicethingswithreasonableprices,1.我表示对旅行社提供的服务总体感到满意。Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravellingcompany.Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelercentre.2.当地导游对游客非常热情，体贴，耐心照顾团中的老人。John,whowasthetravelleader,wasgetalongwitheverybodyandhewastookgoodcareoftheolder.,travelagency.,travelagency.,ThelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandconsideratetoalltourists，especiallytotheolderpeople.,错句修正,3.导游对游地讲解清晰、生动，增长了我们的见闻。TheinterviewoftheviewisclearandfunnyanditsclearlythatweimproveknowledgeforJohnsdirection.,Thelocaltourguideexplainedeverythingabouttheplaceswevisitedinaclearandlivelyway,whichhelpedusbroadenourhorizons.,4.饭馆提供的膳食不合口味。我们有些人不得不自买食物。Thedietprovidedintherestaurantdidntfitussomanyofusandquiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.,However,thefoodprovidedintherestaurantdidntagreewithmanyofusandquiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.,5.建议应该多提供货真价实的购物场所。Isuggestyoucanoffermoreandmoreshops.,wewantedtobetakentotheshopswherewecouldbuygoodbargainsbutwerenot.,错句修正例：1)Wearedontlikethefood.Wearedontlikethefood.2)Wedontsatisfiedwiththefood.Wedontsatisfiedwiththefood.3)Peoplehadtoboughtsomefood.Peoplehadtoboughtsomefood.4)Guidesspokenisverylively.Guidesspokenisverylively.,werent,buy,speech,C.连句成文信息内容的完整性和连贯性存在问题Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagency.ThelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandconsideratetoalltourists，especiallytotheolderpeople.Thelocaltourguideexplainedeverythingabouttheplaceswevisitedinaclearandlivelyway,ithelpedusbroadenourhorizons.Thefoodprovidedintherestaurantdidntagreewithmanyofus,quiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.Wewantedtobetakentotheshopswherewecouldbuygoodbargainsbutwerenot.错误诊断：内容缺乏连贯,Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagency.Firstofall,thelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandconsideratetoalltourists，especiallytotheolderpeople.Thelocaltourguideexplainedeverythingabouttheplaceswevisitedinaclearandlivelyway,whichhelpedusbroadenourhorizons.However,thefoodprovidedintherestaurantdidntagreewithmanyofusandquiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.Inaddition,wewantedtobetakentotheshopswherewecouldbuygoodbargainsbutwerenot.,二.基础写作基本步骤,基础写作步骤,审,抓,扩,连,改,抄,基础写作步骤,一、审题,理清文字信息,判断文章格式、人称、要点、时态、,基础写作步骤,二、抓要点,确定主要行为,用一两个词或短语写出每句的要点,基础写作步骤,三、扩展成句,形成基本语义单位,用一些简单句、不同句型、不同句式或高级词汇将要点扩展成句,基础写作步骤,四、连句成文,时间空间细节连贯呼应,背景（适当增加时间、地点条件等）、逻辑关系、开头与结尾、巧用连接词和过渡句,书面表达六步法,五、查错改错,要尽量剔除错误如要点齐全、句法、语法有无问题；单词拼写、大小写和标点符号；句数,基础写作步骤,六、誊写,卷面要工整,建议：1.注重基础,单词短语多2.培养写句意识,以动词为中心,1,如何在写作中避免句式单一,Rewritethesentences,1.Theyarrivedattheschool.Theyfeltthehappyatmosphere.2.Iwillbegivenanotherchance.Iwillsucceed.3.HewantstoimprovehisEnglish.Hestudieshard.,方法一.使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档,Whentheyarrivedattheschool,theyfeltthehappyatmosphere.,Arrivingattheschool,theyfeltthehappyatmosphere.,IfIamgivenanotherchance,Iwillsucceed.,Givenanotherchance,Iwillsucceed.,InordertoimprovehisEnglish,hestudieshard.,方法一.使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档,Completethesentenceswithnon-predicate(非谓语动词)听到这个消息,他们变的很激动._thenews,theygotexcited.2.尽管被告知许多遍,他仍然重复这个错._manytimes,hestillrepeatedthemistake.3.除非被邀请发言,你应该在会议上保持沉默.Unless_tospeak,youshouldkeepsilentatthemeeting.,Hearing,Havingbeentold,invited,Translatethefollowingsentencesbyusingnon-predicate(非谓语动词),1,面对困难时，他从不放弃。2，引入市场后，该产品大获成功。3，做完作业后，他回家了。,Facedwith/Facingdifficulties,henevergivesup.,Introducedtothemarket,theproductmadeagreatsuccess.,Havingfinishedhishomework,hereturnedhome.,方法二.巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力,hereturnedhomedidherealizehisfoolishness.,bychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.,Cleverheis,hedoesnotworkhard.,standstheclocktower.,方法二.巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力,TranslatethesentencesbyusingInvertedSentences(倒装句)1.他从不说关于他家庭的事.2.只有我们每个人都意识到水的重要性,我们才能生活得更好.3.只有用这种方式,我们才能有足够的精力好好学习.,Neverdidhespeakabouthisownfamily.,Onlyw