初中动词不定式和动名词的用法,授课人张杰,动词不定式的用法,动词不定式的基本形式及其否定形式,1.基本形式为to+动词原形（eg：towork），有时省略符号to（eg：work）2.否定形式为not/never+动词不定式,动词不定式的功用,1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作定语5.作状语6.作补语7.作独立成分,作主语,1.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.2.Toseeistobelieve.3.Itsnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.4.Itsyourturntocleantheroom.5.Ittookthemfourdaystoarrivethere.,作表语,1.ThebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.2.Mywishistobeasinger.3.Thefirstthingistogreettheteacher.,作宾语(1),1.Annwantstogetherearspierced.2.Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.3.IdlovetovisitMexico.,只能带动词不定式不能带动名词作宾语的动词,aim旨在agree同意offer提出plan打算ask要求promise答应help帮忙prepare准备decide决定refuse拒绝dare敢于choose选择wish想要hope希望expect期望预计fail没有pretend假装seem似乎learn学会manage设法做成afford担负得起wouldlike/love想要,作宾语（2）,1.Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything.2.HefeelsitfrustratingtowatchEnglish-languageTV.3.Wethinkitagoodideatogohiking.注：动词feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语动词不定式放在形容词或名词后面，句子结构是：主语+feel/find/make/think+it+adj./n.+todo.。,作宾语（3）,1.Weareverygladtoseeyou.2.Imsorrytohearthat.3.Theyaresuretocome.注：有些表示思想感情的形容词（包括已变成形容词的分词）后面可接动词不定式，这种不定式也可叫做宾语。如：excited，able,afraid,anxious,careful,free,lucky,ready,willing等。,作定语,1.Hewasthefirstonetoarrive.2.IdonthaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.3.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?,作状语,1.Westayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.表目的2.IfeelveryluckytohaveLucky。表原因3.Imtootiredtodowell.表结果4.Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.表结果,作补语（宾补）(1),1.Whotoldyoutodothat?2.Idinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.3.Thedriverscarelessnesscausedtheaccidenttohappen.,带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词,ask请求force强迫invite邀请train训练order命令want想要direct指导,get使beg恳求drive驱使cause导致warn警告lead引导encourage鼓励,allow允许hate讨厌like喜欢leave听任need需要teach教require需要,prefer更喜欢advise建show演示tell吩咐urge强烈要求wish希望,宾补（2）,3.Whomadethelittlegirlcry?4.Didyouhearsomeoneenterthehouse?注：用不带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词主要是感官动词和使役动词see,watch，hear,feel，notice，have,let,make。,注意,help的宾补，不定式也可带to也可不带。helpsb(to)do,作补语（主补）,1.Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.2.Thebirdwaslettofly.3.Heismadetoworktenhoursaday.注：(1)省略to的动词不定式作宾补，在变为被动语态的句子后成为主补时，符号to要加上。,作独立成分,1.Idliketostayhealthy,buttobehonest,Ionlyeatfoodthattastesgood.2.Tobeginwith,shespoketooquickly,andIcouldntunderstandeveryword.3.Totellthetruth,Idontthinkso.,动词不定式的复合结构,1.ItsnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.作主语2.Itsveryniceofyoutosayso.作主语3.Itstimeforustosetoff.作定语4.Thisisforyoutodecide.作表语,用of还是for,of前的形容词是honest，bad，cruel，rude，careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise等，说明人的特性。for前的形容词是dangerous,difficult,hard,important,interesting,easy，necessary等，说明不定式动作的特性。,疑问词+不定式,1.Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.作主语2.Thequestioniswhichtochoose.作表语3.Idontknowwhattotrynext.作宾语,不定式的时态和语态,Theyseemtohavefinishedthework.HepretendedtobedoinghishomeworkwhenIenteredhisroom.Theshoesneedtoberepaired.=Theshoesneedrepairing.,省去动词原形的不定式,-Wouldyouliketojoinus?-Idloveto.DontgotillItellyouto.,一些固定的动词不定式用法,wouldratherdothando宁愿做而不愿做prefertodoratherthando宁愿做而不愿做tryonesbesttodo尽力去做besupposedtodo应该做hadbetterdo最好做cantwaittodo等不及要做donothingbutdo除了做什么都做不了havenochoicebuttodo除了做别无选择,动名词的用法,动名词的形式和否定形式,动词原形+ing(eg:studying)not/never+动名词(eg:notreading),动名词的功用,作主语作宾语作表语作定语,作主语,Listeningcanhelp.Smokingisnotallowedhere.Itssonicetalkingtoyou.Itsawasteoftimeexplainingittoher.,作宾语,Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.WeoftengotexcitedaboutsomethingandendupspeakinginChinese.Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?,只接动名词不能接动词不定式作宾语的动词,avoid避免suggest建议consider考虑imagine想象Include包括,mind介意keep一直stop阻止advise建议practice练习,risk冒危险miss错过机会enjoy喜欢finish完成,只接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的短语动词,putoff推迟beworth值得giveup放弃；戒除holdonto坚持bebusy忙于feellike想要endup以结束,keepon一直；反复不断payattentionto注意lookforwardto期待be/getusedto习惯canthelp忍不住insiston坚持,作介词宾语用于一些固定结构,spend.(in)doingstop/prevent/keepsbfromdoinghavefun/trouble/problems/difficulty/confidence(in)doing,作表语,Readingislearning.Herhobbyiscollectingstamps.Themainthingisgettingthereontime.,作定语,Hewalkswithawalkingstick.Thereisaswimmingpoolnearmyhouse.Youcanttalkloudlyinthereadingroom.,动名词的复合结构,Wouldyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmesittingbesideyou?,既可接动词不定式也可接动名词意义区别不大的词,beginhatelikelovestartprefer,接动词不定式和动名词意义不同的词,1.Iremembertellingyouthat.Pleaseremembertobringithere.2.Hellneverforgethearinghersinging.Dontforgettoposttheletterforme.,3.Hestoppedsmokinglastweek.Hestoppedtosmoke.(状语)4.Theywentondiscussing.Theywentontodiscussotherproblems.(状语),Exercises,1Idontallow_inmydrawingroom.Idontallowmyfamily_atall.A.smoking；tosmokeB.tosmoke；smokingC.tosmoke；tosmokeD.smoking；smoking2Yourclothesneed_.A.washedB.tobewashedC.towashD.beingwashing3Thisbikeisnotworth_.A.toberepairedB.ofrepairingC.torepairD.repairing,A,B,D,4_isbettertolovethan_.A.That,tobelovedB.That；beloveC.It；belovedD.It；tobeloved5-WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?-Itsadifficultlanguage_.A.speakingB.tobespokenC.tospeakD.spoken6Hewouldratherstayathomethan_outwithyou.A.goB.togoC.goingD.goes,D,C,A,7Imconsidering_youroffer.A.tohaveacceptedB.beingacceptedC.acceptingD.toaccept8-WhatsmadeRosesoupset?-_threeticketstoJayChousconcert.A.LostB.LosingC.BecauseoflosingD.Sinceshelost9Wearebothlookingf