八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习学校：风范中学 出卷教师：汪晓清Unit 4 A New Newspaper知识点梳理：I 词组1 soon after不久之后2 publish a newspaper出版一份报纸3 hold a meeting举行会议4 write a report about sth. for sb.就某事写一篇报告给某人5 after school放学后6 at the next meeting在下一次会议上7 decide to do决定做某事8 elect sb. to be sth.选某人做9 the chief editor主编10 vote for sb.投票给某人11 take charge of负责12 ought (not) to = should (not)应该13 ask for suggestions征求建议14 class / school newspaper班/校报15 the Reading Club读书俱乐部16 take notes做记录，做笔记17 different sections of the newspaper报纸的不同栏目18 talk sth. over with sb. = discuss sth. with sb.与某人讨论某事19 make a list of sth.列出的清单20 be free to sb.对某人是免费的21 pay sb. money for sth.为付给某人钱22 have different ideas意见各异23 a bit longer(时间)久一点24 make a decision about sth. 做决定25 agree to do 同意做某事26 agree with sb.同意某人27 agree on sth.在上达成一致28 conclude the meeting结束会议29 in one weeks time = in a week一个星期后II. 词性转换1. consider (v.) 考虑(in)considerate (a.) (不)体谅人的2. publish (v.) 出版publishing (n.) 出版publisher (n.) 出版者(社)3. edit (v.) 编辑editor (n.) 编辑4. choice (n.) 入选者choose chose chosen (v.)选择5. vote (v.) 投票voter (n.) 投票人6. elect (v.) 选举elector (n.) 选举人election (n.) 选举7. suggest (v.) 提议suggestion (n.) 建议8. experience (n.) 经验experienced (a.) 有经验的9. brief (a.) 简短的briefly (ad.) 简短地10. decide (v.) 决定decision (n.) 决定11. conclude (v.) 结束conclusion (n.) 结论12. responsible (a.) 有责任的responsibility (n.) 责任13. (dis)agree (v.) (不)同意(dis)agreement (n.) (不)同意14. read (v.) 阅读reader (n.) 读者III. 语言点1. Soon after the term started, some Grade Eight students at Mayfield School wanted to publish a newspaper. soon after 意为“不久之后，稍后”。即可作副词短语，用作时间状语；也可作连接词，引导时间状语从句。2. They held a meeting. 句中的hold作动词，意为“举行”。此处hold可用have代替。3. We elected Joyce to be the chief editor. elect此处意为“选举，推选”。 elect sb. to be 意为“选举某人担任（职务）” 也可表示为: elect sb. as 4. Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce, because she has experience. 句中experience作不可数名词，意为“经验”。当作不可数名词时，意为“经历”。 have experience可意为be experienced。5. Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 句中的charge为名词，意为“任务，责任”。常见的搭配有：take charge of 和in charge of 。 此处take charge of与be in charge of与be responsible for可替换。6. She said that we ought to elect a secretary next. ought to是个助动词，意为“应该”，与should同意。7. She asked for suggestions. ask sb. for .意为“向某人寻求”suggestion意为“建议”，为可数名词；与advice的不同之处在于，advice为不可数名词。 8. Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves.句中talk sth. over是“详细讨论”的意思，也可用“discuss sth.”来表示。9. Should it be free to readers, or should they pay for it? free意为“免费的”，be free to sb.意为“对免费” pay for意为“付款”。 【比较】spend, cost, take, pay(1)spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型： (sb.) spend some money/some time on sth. (sb.) spend some money/some time(in)doing sth. (2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语it或物。句式是： It takes/took sb.some time to do sthSth.takes sb.some time. (3) pay为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb. pays some money for sth或pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如： (4) cost的主语必须是某物。常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money。10. We all had different ideas, and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer. have different ideas意为“意见各异”。 a bit意为“一点”。1）a bit不能直接修饰名词，须用a bit of。2）a bit可修饰形容词及形容词副词的比较级，作程度状语。11. We agreed to conclude the meeting then. agree to do something意为“同意做某事”； agree with意为“同意，赞成”，后接表示人或意见观点的词； agree on/upon/about意为“在某方面达成一致意见”。IV. 语法情态动词一、主要特征。情态动词后的动词都用原形。构成疑问句，通常把情态动词放在主语前；构成否定句，not放在情态动词之后，其缩写形式为cant, mustnt, neednt, shouldnt等。二、主要用法。1. 用can, could和be able to表示能力。(1) can意为“能够”，否定形式为cannot或cant。 如：He can speak five foreign languages.(2) could是can的过去式。因此，对于过去的时间（如yesterday, last week等），我们不用can或cant，而用could和couldnt。 如：When I was young, I could run very fast.(3) be able to一般可以代替can，也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could）,而be able to则有更多的时态形式。 如：My little brother has been able to write.2. 用must与mustnt, have to与dont have to, neednt表示义务。(1) must用以表示“必须做某事”或“一定要做某事”，具有强制性，表示一定的责任或义务。 如：The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.(2) mustnt是must的否定形式，表示“禁止；绝不允许”，具有强制性。 如：You mustnt play football in the street.(3) must没有过去时，要表达过去的含义，我们可使用had to代替must。 此外，have to侧重这种“义务”或“责任”源于某种客观情况或规定，并非说话者本人能够控制。 如：We missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.(4) dont have to与neednt是“不必”的意思，没有强制性。两者意思相近，但在使用时，前者有人称、时态的变化；后者没有人称变化，而且一般表示现在时间的含义。 如：It has just rained, so he doesnt have to water the garde(n.) You neednt swim in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hotel.(5) must用于一般疑问句中，其肯定和否定回答应引起注意。 如：Must we go now? 我们一定要走吗？ - Yes, we must. 是的，我们一定要走。 - No, we mustnt. 不，我们不可以走。 Must I finish the work this week? 我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗？ - Yes, you must. 是的，你一定要完成。 - No, you neednt. 不，你不一定要完成。 从以