SAT2化学考试知识点总结精品文档SAT2化学考试知识点总结Introduction to Chemistry 化学入门Matter 物质Definition of Water（物质的定义）States of Matter（物质的状态）Composition of Matter (物质的构成) Chemical and Physical Properties(化学性质和物理性质)Chemical and Physical Changes (化学变化和物理变化)Conservation of Mass (质量守恒)Energy 能量Definition of Energy(能量的定义)Forms of Energy(能量的形式) Types of Reactions(Exothermic Versus Endothermic) 反应类型（放热对吸热）Conservation of Energy (能量守恒)Conservation of Mass and Energy(质能守恒)Scientific Method(科学方法)Measurements and Calculations(测量和计算)Metric System(指标系统) Temperature Measurements(温度测量) Heat Measurements(热量测量) Scientific Notation (科学记数法) Factor-Label Method of Conversion(Dimensional Analysis)转换方法(量纲分析)Precision, Accuracy, and Uncertainty(精密度，准确度，不确定度) Significant Figures(有效数字)Calculations with Significant Figures (有效数字的计算)Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table of the Elements 原子结构&元素周期表Electric Nature of Atoms 原子的电本质History (历史)Basic Electric Charges(基本电荷)Bohr Model of the Atom(原子的波尔模型)Components of Atomic Structure(原子结构构成)Calculating Average Atomic Mass(计算平均原子量)Oxidation Number and Valence(氧化数和化合价)Metallic,Nonmetallic,and Noble Gas Structures(易失电子.易得电子.惰性气体结构)Reactivity(反应) Atomic Spectra 原子光谱Spectroscopy（光谱学）Mass Spectroscopy (质谱学)The Wave-Mechanical Model 波动力学模型Quantum Numbers(量子数)Hunds Rule of Maximum Multiplicity 最大多重性洪特法则Sublevels and Electron Configuration 原子内电子排布Order of Filing and Notation(电子填充次序和命名)Electron Dot Notation（Lewis Dot Structures）(Lewis 点结构)Noble Gas Notation(稀有气体元素)Transition Elements and Variable Oxidation Numbers(过渡元素和可变的氧化数)Period Table of the Elements元素周期表History(历史)Periodic Law（周期律）The Table（周期表）Properties Related to the Periodic Table（元素周期表的性质）Radii of Atoms（原子半径）Atomic Radii in Periods（同周期的原子半径）Atomic Radii in Groups（同族的原子半径）Ionic Radius Compared to Atomic Radius（相对原子半径的离子半径）Electro negativity（电负性）Electron Affinity（电子亲和能）Ionization Energy（电离能）Bonding 化学键Types of Bonds 化学键类型Ionic Bonds（离子键）Covalent Bonds（共价键）Metallic Bonds（金属键）Intermolecular Forces of Attraction 分子间的吸引力Dipole-Dipole Attraction （极性分子间的吸引力）London Forces（伦敦力）Hydrogen Bonds（氢键）Double and Triple Bonds（双键和三键）Resonance Structures（共振结构） Molecular GeometryVSEPRand Hybridization 分子几何学价层电子对互斥理论和杂化轨道理论VSEPRElectrostatic Repulsion（VSEPR价层电子对互斥理论）VSEPR and Unshared Electron （VSEPR和非共享电子对）VSEPR and Molecular Geometry（VSEPR和分子几何学）Hybridization（杂化轨道理论）Sigma and Pi Bonds （Sigma键和Pi键）Properties of Ionic Substances（离子化合物的性质）Properties of Molecular Crystals and Liquids (分子晶体与液晶的性质)Chemical Formulas 化学分子式Writing Formulas (写分子式)General Observations About Oxidation States and Formula Writing (氧化状态和分子式写作的一般性结论)More About Oxidation Numbers (关于氧化数) Naming Compounds (化合物命名) Chemical Formulas (化学分子式) Laws of Definite Composition and Multiple Proportions (定比定律和倍比定律) Writing and Balancing Simple Equations (写作和平衡简单方程式) Showing Phases in Chemical Equations (化学平衡式) Writing Ionic Equations （书写离子方程式）Gases and the Gas Laws 气体和气体定律IntroductionGases in the Environment（入门环境中的气体）Some Representative Gases（一些有代表性的气体）Oxygen（氧气）Hydrogen（氢气）General Characteristics of Gases（气体的基本特征）Measuring the Pressure of a Gas（测量气压）Kinetic Molecular Theory（气体动力论）Some Particular Properties of Gases（气体的特殊性质）Gas Laws and Related Problems（气体定律和相关的难题）Grahams Law（格锐目定律）Charless Law（查理定律）Boyles Law（波义耳定律）Combined Gas Law（混合气体定律）Pressure Versus Temperature（气压和温度）Daltons Law of Partial Pressures (道尔顿分压定律) Corrections of Pressure（压力校正）Ideal Gas Law（理想气体定律）Ideal Gas Deviations（理想气体偏差）Chemical Calculations(Stoichiometry)and the Mole Concept 化学计算器&摩尔内容Solving Problems in Chemistry（解答化学难题）The Mole Concept（摩尔内容）Molar Mass and Moles（摩尔质量和摩尔）Mole Relationships（摩尔关系）Gas Volumes and Molar Mass（气体体积和摩尔质量）Density and molar Mass（密度和摩尔质量）Mass-Volume Relationships（摩尔与体积的关系）Mass-Mass Problems（质量质量难题）Problems with an Excess of One Reactant（涉及某一反应物多余的难题）Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes 液体，固体和状态变化Liquids（液体）Importance of Intermolecular Interaction（分子间相互作用的重要性）Kinetics of Liquids（液体动力学）Viscosity（粘性）Surface Tension（表面张力）Capillary Action（毛细作用）Phase Equilibrium（平衡状态）Boiling Point（沸点）Critical Temperature and Pressure（临界温度和临界压力）Solids（固体）Phase Diagrams（状态图表）Water（水）History of Water（水的历史）Purification of Water（水净化）Composition of Water（水的构成）Properties and Uses of Water（水的性质和使用）Waters Reactions with Anhydrides（水和碱性氧化物的反应）Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding（极性和氢键）Solubility（可溶性）General Rules of Solubility(可溶性的基本原则)Factors That Affect Rate of Solubility（影响溶解率的因素）Summary of Types of Solutes and Relationships of Type to Solubility（溶液类型和类型之间关系的总结）Water Solutions（水处理）Continuum of Water Mixtures（水混合溶剂）Expressions of Concentration（浓度的表达）Dilution（稀释）Colligative Properties of Solutions（溶液的依数性）Crystallization（结晶化）Chemical Reacti