,Unit 8 Holocaust,I. Time Allotment: all together 3 periods II. Teaching Objectives and Requirements The students will learn something about the Holocaust, Nazi Party and anti-Semitism. The students will learn some of the words related to the topic of text like Fuhrer，paranoia, onslaught. The students will also learn how to present ideas logically as the author of this passage did.,Former prisoners of the little camp in Buchenwald布痕瓦尔德（德意志民主共和国市镇）,Step 1,1. Lead-in a. What are the causes of Holocaust? b. What is the history of Holocaust? c. the life of Hitler,The yellow badge (or yellow patch), also referred to as a Jewish badge or Jewish Star in German, was a cloth patch that Jews were ordered to sew on their outer garments in order to mark them as Jews in public. It was intended to be a badge of shame associated with antisemitism.,2. Background informationhttp:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust,The Holocaust is the term generally used to describe the genocide种族灭绝 of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, a programme of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany. Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis systematic murder of millions of people in other groups, including ethnic Poles波兰族, Romani, Soviet civilians, Soviet prisoners of war, people with disabilities, homosexuals, Jehovahs Witnesses, and other political and religious opponents. By this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people.,耶和华见证会，是1872年由查理 罗素(Charles Taze Russell 1852 - 1916)，在宾夕法尼亚的匹斯堡发起的宗教运动。 耶和华见证人、基督复临安息日会、基督教科学会、摩门教，是19世纪早期美国教会大复兴之后在新英格兰诸州产生的新兴宗教。耶和华见证人否认耶稣基督是上帝，否认三位一体，否认耶稣基督曾经死在十字架上，而是宣称耶稣基督死在行刑柱上；他们宣称其他基督教徒都背离了上帝的教导，只有他们才是仅有的耶和华见证人。耶和华见证人要求严守圣经，不庆祝圣诞节和复活节，反对吃血，也反对输血。他们在政治上严守中立，不参战，不接受军训，为此多次受迫害。,The persecution and genocide were carried out in stages. Legislation to remove the Jews from civil society was enacted years before the outbreak of World War II. Concentration camps were established in which inmates囚犯 were used as slave labor until they died of exhaustion or disease. Where the Third Reich conquered new territory in eastern Europe, specialized units called Einsatzgruppen党卫队 murdered Jews and political opponents in mass shootings. Jews and Romani were confined in overcrowded ghettos犹太社区 before being transported by freight train to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, the majority of them were systematically killed in gas chambers. Every arm of Nazi Germanys bureaucracy was involved in the logistics of the mass murder, turning the country into what one Holocaust scholar has called a genocidal state.,Origin,Yehuda Bauer, Raul Hilberg and Lucy Dawidowicz maintained that from the Middle Ages onward, German society and culture were full with anti-Semitism and there was a direct link from medieval pogroms大屠杀 to the Nazi death camps of the 1940s. Hans Kng has written that Nazi anti-Judaism was the work of godless, anti-Christian criminals. But it would not have been possible without the almost two thousand years pre-history of Christian anti-Judaism. The Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany on January 30, 1933, and the persecution and exodus of Germanys 525,000 Jews began almost immediately. In Mein Kampf (1925), Hitler had been open about his hatred of Jews, and gave ample warning of his intention to drive them from Germanys political, intellectual, and cultural life. He did not write that he would attempt to exterminate them, but he is reported to have been more explicit in private.,Legal repression and emigration,Throughout the 1930s, the legal, economic, and social rights of Jews were steadily restricted. In legally defining “who is Jew”, the Nazis considered anyone of Jewish descent, even the descendents of converts改变宗教信仰者 who converted from Judaism after January 18, 1871, (the founding of the German Empire) were still considered Jews. Friedlnder writes that, for the Nazis, Germany drew its strength for its purity of blood and its rootedness in the sacred German earth.,In 1933, a series of laws were passed which contained “Aryan雅利安语系 paragraphs” to exclude Jews from key areas: the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service; the physicians law; and the farm law, forbidding Jews from owning farms or taking part in agriculture. Jewish lawyers were disbarred, and in Dresden, Jewish lawyers and judges were dragged out of their offices and courtrooms, and beaten.,In 1935, Hitler introduced the Nuremberg Laws, which: prohibited Jews from marrying Aryans, annulled取消 existing marriages between Jews and Aryans (the Law for the protection of German blood and German honor,) prohibited Jews from serving as civil servants, stripped German Jews of their citizenship and deprived them of all civil rights. In his speech introducing the laws, Hitler said that if the Jewish problem cannot be solved by these laws, it must the