国立成功大学高阶管理硕士在职专班硕士论文领导型态与组织文化对组织承诺与组织绩效之影响-以国内不同国籍制药厂之实证The Influences of Leadership Style and Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment and PerformanceAnEmpirical Study of Pharmaceutical Companies with Different Nationalities in Taiwan.研 究 生：林志成 指导教授：吴万益 教授中华民国九十四年六月摘 要本研究旨在探讨领导型态、组织文化对组织承诺与组织绩效之影响，并探讨以平衡计分卡评估组织绩效时，财务构面、顾客构面、内部流程构面、学习成长构面间之关系。本研究以美、日、欧商药厂在台子公司及国内药厂为探讨对象，共寄发问卷300 份，回收有效问卷172 份，有效回收率为57.33 %。经SPSS统计方法进行实证分析，实证结果发现如下：1. 美商与欧商药厂之转化型领导、创新型文化，价值承诺与组织绩效在四组样本中得分较高，具有统计上显着的差异。而日商与国内药厂较倾向于交易型领导、官僚型文化，且有较差之留职承诺与组织绩效。2. 转化型领导与创新型文化对组织承诺与组织绩效之财务、顾客、内部流程、学习成长构面皆有显着正向的影响。而交易型领导与官僚型文化则对组织承诺与组织绩效有显着负向的影响；其中交易型领导对留职承诺及组织绩效之财务与内部流程构面有显着负向的影响；官僚型文化则对留职承诺及组织绩效之财务与顾客构面有显着负向的影响。3. 组织承诺之价值承诺对组织绩效之财务、顾客、内部流程、学习成长构面皆有显着正向的影响；而留职承诺对组织绩效之财务构面有显着正向的影响。4. 平衡计分卡之学习成长构面对内部流程构面与顾客构面有显着正向的影响；内部流程构面对顾客构面与财务构面有显着正向的影响；顾客构面对财务构面有显着正向的影响。关键词：转化型领导、交易型领导、组织文化、组织承诺、组织绩效、 平衡计分卡。AbstractThis study examined the effects of leadership style and organizational culture on the relationship between organizational commitment and performance in samples of Taiwanese, American, European, and Japanese pharmaceutical companies in Taiwan. The performance is further evaluated from four linked perspectives of Balanced Scorecard, including financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth. Out of the 300 questionnaires sent, 172 valid questionnaires were returned, resulting in a valid return rate of 57.33%. The statistic software SPSS was applied for the data analysis and the major findings of this study were presented below: 来自3722资料搜索网 中国最大的资料库下载Statistically significant differences between the four categories of sample firms were found for measures of transformational leadership, innovative cultures, value commitment and organizational performance. The results indicated that American and European samples have higher mean scores on all of these variables. Transactional leadership and bureaucratic culture resulted in lower levels of retention commitment and organizational performance in Taiwanese and Japanese samples.The results showed that transformational leadership and innovative culture, had significant and positive effects on organizational commitment and performance including financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth. Transactional leadership and bureaucratic culture had significant and negative effects on organizational commitment and performance. Transactional leadership had significant and negative effects on retention commitment, financial, and internal business process perspectives. Bureaucratic culture had significant and negative effects on retention commitment, financial, and customer perspectives. Value commitment had significantly influences on organizational performance including financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth. Retention commitment had also significant influences on financial performance.Furthermore, the factors of learning and growth perspective of Balanced Scorecard had positive and significant influences on the factors of internal business process perspective and those of customer perspective. The factors of internal business process perspective had positive and significant influences on those of financial perspective. The factors of customer perspective had positive and significant influences on those of financial perspective.Key words：Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Organizational Culture, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Performance, Balanced Scorecard.志 谢首先，谨将最诚挚的敬意与谢意，呈献给最挚爱的师长与亲友。自大学毕业离开校园算起也九年了，一直在药品行销的领域，有了在市场上实务的历练之后，渐感学识理论上的不足。两年前很幸运地能进入成大EMBA ，格外珍惜这难得的学生生活，也同时认识了许多不同领域的企业精英，从同学身上学到许多课本上学不到的知识与经验，更开拓了我的视野，要感谢的人实在太多了，族繁不及备载 本篇论文得以完成，首先要感谢指导教授吴万益院长，在院务繁忙之余，牺牲许多宝贵的假期，于研究过程中费心的启发、指导与关怀，才使本论文得以顺利提前完成。同时感谢口试委员谭伯群教授、林清河教授、姜传益教授、耿伯文教授等，于论文口试时提供宝贵建议与修正，让本论文能更加周延完善。感谢本研究架构建立之始与问卷前测期间，药业先进们提供之宝贵意见与经验，及所有参与本研究问卷调查之企业，若没有其热心的响应与支持，将无法成就本论文。也感谢高医的同班同学们在问卷催收上的帮忙，才能让论文的完成更加顺利。还要感谢我生命中的Ms. Right，她总是在我工作与课业两头烧的忙碌生活中给我加油打气，当论文遇到瓶颈或心情沮丧时，她总是我最好的精神支柱。最后，我要感谢的是我的父母，从小到大总是给我最好的教育，期待我出人头地，将此论文献给我的父母，愿父母跟我一起分享这份荣耀。再次感谢所有的师长与所有亲友之支持鼓励，愿与大家共同分享这份喜悦。 谨志于国立成功大学管理学院中华民国九十四年六月目 录摘 要IABSTRACTII誌 謝III目 錄IV表目錄.V圖目錄.VIII第一章 緒論1第一節 研究背景1第二節 研究動機1第三節 研究範圍與目的2第四節 研究步驟3第二章 文獻探討4第一節 藥品市場現況與趨勢4第二節 領導型態4第三節 組織文化4第四節 組織承諾4第五節 績效評估4第六節 國家文化4第三章 研究方法4第一節 研究架構與研究假設4第二節 操作性定義及問卷設計4第三節 抽樣與問卷發放4第四節 資料分析方法4第四章 實證分析4第一節 敘述性統計分析4第二節 因素分析與信度檢定4第三節 各構面因素之差異性檢定4第四節 各變項相關分析4第五節 LISREL線性結構分析4第五章 結論與建議4第一節 研究結論4第二節 研究建議4第三節 研究限制及未來研究方向4參考文獻4附錄一：問卷4 表目录表2-1.2000 2003年各藥廠台灣地區營業額排名4表2-2.領導理論分類、研究主題、領導構面與內容摘要4表2-3.MLQ因素測試摘要4表2-4.不同公司類別之績效評估指標4表2-5.衡量策略的財務主題4表2-6.常用的財務性衡量指標4表2-7.平衡計分卡顧客構面五大核心量度4表2-8.顧客衡量指標的範例4表2-9.內部流程的衡量指標4表2-10.學習與成長的衡量指標4表2-11.平衡計分卡各構面指標之相關研