新东方在线网络课堂电子讲义 1 考研英语一翻译讲义考研英语一翻译讲义 主讲老师：唐静主讲老师：唐静 目录：第一部分目录：第一部分 基础知识基础知识 第二部分第二部分 三大结构及其翻译方法三大结构及其翻译方法 第三部分第三部分 常见结构及翻译常见结构及翻译 第四部分第四部分 真题详解真题详解 第二部分第二部分 三大结构及其翻译方法三大结构及其翻译方法 定语从句定语从句 定语从句的翻译定语从句的翻译 主要表现：主要表现：名词(名词性代词 those, some, all 等)+that, which, who, whom, whose Space and oceans are the new world that scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。 Those who have never tasted what is bitter do not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫道名字的男孩们站了起来。 （0461） The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. （0462） We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became 新东方在线网络课堂电子讲义 2 assimilated and lost their native languages. （0463） The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. （0464) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. （0465） Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far- reaching consequences for the culture of a society. 特殊表现 1： 名词+省略引导词（直接跟了一个从句） I collected some books you dont have. I collected some books (that) you dont have. 我收藏了一些你没有的书。 I just met a lady I saw last week. I just met a lady (whom) I saw last week. 我刚遇到一位女士，上周我见过她。 (9771) Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. (9772) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. (9773) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. (9774) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. (9775) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 新东方在线网络课堂电子讲义 3 （0747）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. 特殊表现 2： 时间名词 + when He told us the date when he would finish his work. He would leave Beijing when he finished his work. He told us the date when he would finish his work. 他告诉了我们他将要完成任务的时间。 He would leave Beijing when he finished his work. 当他完成工作，他就会离开北京。 特殊表现 3： 地点名词 + where Shes going home where she can rest. 她要回家了，在家里她可以休息。 （1049）In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason. （1348）The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn t exist or was not discernible as such. 特殊表现 4： reason + why Thats one of the reason (why) I ask you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一。 （1446）It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself. 特殊表现 5： as 引导定语从句 主要有：the same. as., such.as., as.as., so.as.等 as 引导的限定性定语从句。 American speak the same language as is spoken in Great Britain. 美国人说的跟英国人说的是同一种语言。 Dont read such books as you cant understand. 新东方在线网络课堂电子讲义 4 不要看那些你看不懂的书。 I am ready to answer as many questions as you may raise. 我愿意回答你们可能提出的所有问题。 as 引导定语从句 as 也可以引导非限定定语从句，as 在从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。 The Great Wall, as we all know, is one of the eight wonders on the earth. 众所周知的长城是地球上的八大奇迹之一。 He was late, as is often the case. 他迟到了，这是经常的事情了。 As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rule. 正如以往所说，语法不是一套死规则。 （1650）As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily. 特殊表现 6： 介词+which/whom This is the book for which you asked. 这就是你要的书。 =This is the book (which) you asked for. I dont know the person with whom you talked just now. 我不认识刚和你说话的那个人。 =I dont know the person whom you talked with just now. 定语从句定语从句前置前置 前置前置 即：把定语从句翻译到它所修饰的先行词前，并常常用“的”来连接。 例例 1 1(2003, 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecti