The Attributive Clause,What is the attribute? (什么是定语）,a red apple a beautiful girl,形容词作定语,my friend,his pen,代词作定语,a girl in red,a man with glasses,介词短语作定语,apple tree,shoe shop,名词作定语,什么是定语？,定语就是用来修饰名词或者代词的成分,What is the attributive clause? (什么是定语从句）,the handsome 修饰成分 the naughty,boy,The boy is Tom.（ 主句）,The boy who is handsome is Tom.,The boy who is naughty is Tom.,修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语 叫定语，如为一个句子则称为定语 从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词 后面。,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句的一般结构是：主句+先行词+关系词+从句,People who go to a formal westerner dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners. Besides the napkin, you will find a small toast and three glasses which are for the wine. The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bigger than the ones beside them. Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter. For the starter, which you eat with the smaller pair, you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left.,定语从句的一般结构是：主句+先行词+关系词+从句,I know the boy who is sitting on the desk.,主句,定语从句,先行词,引导词,引导词有关系代词：who whom whose that which,关系副词：when where why,先行词：被修饰的成分,即名词或代词。,关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用： 1. 引导一个定语从句； 2.在从句中代替先行词； 3.在从句中担任某一句子成份。,1. The boy who is smiling is Tom.,2.The boy who has a round face is Tom.,3.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.,4.The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.,5.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job.,6.The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.,7.The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab.,8.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.,9. This is the boy (whom) I sit behind.,10. This is the boy behind whom I sit.,11.She is the girl whose English is the best in our class.,12.A plane is a machine that can fly .,13.Here is the boy that damaged the vase .,关系代词与关系副词 关系代词: 指人: 指物: 指人或物: 关系副词:,who(主格), whom(宾格), whose(所有格),which(主格,宾格), whose(所有格),that,when, where, why,注：当先行词是those, she ,he ,they等 代词时, 关系代词用who. 作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省， 介词后面用which 或whom ) The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.,4 whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词 与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose 多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which 互换使用, 即the+名词of whichwhom或of which whom the+名词。,This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue.,of which the book,Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?,He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.,The teacher, whose son I work with, is liked by all the students.,The chair, the legs of which are broken, is being repaired now.,3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省),This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.,Is this the library from which you borrow books?,Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?,Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now?, that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine that can fly.,He is the man (that) I told you about., that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,This is the first book (that) he has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。,(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。, that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,(5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished. (6) 主句以There be 引导时 There are 200 people that didnt know the thing. (7) 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that. She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago. (8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that. Which is the book that you bought last week?,1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. which 2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it,4. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom,A,B,B,B, that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用which而不用that。,(9) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前） Those are many trees under which they can have a rest. (10) 在非限制性定语从句中 Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world. (11)先行词本身是that，或句子中已经有了that What I want to do is that which will help us all.,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world. whom that,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress that she is wearing is new. which ,(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.,(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person that I have ever worked with. who whom ,This is the best film that I have ever seen. ,1. I have a friend _ likes listening to Classical music. 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her. 3. The man _